Science Review

Internal Stimuli- inside feeling or need.
Examples:
-Getting a drink when you feel thirsty
-If you are exercising, then you breathe faster to feed more oxygen to your muscles.

-If you consume too much liquid (stimulus), then you have to urinate frequently (response).
-If you are hungry (stimulus), then you eat (response).

​Internal Stimuli

​

External Stimuli-changes in the organism's environment.
Examples:
-An animal is cold, so it moves into the sunlight
-You touch something hot (stimulus), so you move your hand away (response).
-You eat spoiled food (stimulus), so you get sick (response).
-If in a stressful situation (stimulus), then you will fight for survival or flee for survival (response).

Multiple Choice

Changes in the organism's environment.

• Internal Stimuli

• External Stimuli

Multiple Choice

Inside feeling or need.

• Internal Stimuli

• External Stimuli

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an external stimulus?

• Bacterial infection

• Hunger

• Temperature of environment

• Thirst

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an internal stimulus?

• Presence of food

• Being hungry (lack of nutrients)

• Predator nearby

• Hot temperature

Multiple Choice

If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:

• keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
• decrease body temperature
• increase body temperature
• regulate blood pressure

Multiple Choice

Green plants use sunlight to make their own food in the form of glucose. This process, known as photosynthesis, is an example of which of the following energy conversions?

• Radiant energy to chemical energy

• Sound energy to radiant energy

• Chemical energy to mechanical energy

• Mechanical energy to thermal energy

Multiple Choice

When a plant performs photosynthesis, the radiant energy from the Sun is -

• transported into the soil through the roots

• used up in the process

• released into the atmosphere

• transformed into chemical energy

Multiple Choice

This example for 

• Internal stimuli 

• Light stimuli

• Tough stimuli

• Temperature stimuli 

Multiple Choice

A plant's root grow in a downward direction in response to what force? 

• sunlight
• gravity
• soil
• turgor pressure

Multiple Choice

Phototropism is a response to ________.

• light

• gravity

• touch

• water

Multiple Choice

Hydrotropism is a response to ________.

• light

• gravity

• touch

• water

Multiple Choice

Gravitropism is a response to ________.

• light

• gravity

• touch

• water

Multiple Choice

Thigmotropism is a response to ________.

• light

• gravity

• touch

• water

Multiple Choice

To what order does a two pairs of wings, rigid and leathery and mouth for sucking belong to?

• Diptera

• Lepidoptera

• Heteroptera

• Coleoptera

Multiple Choice

You found a cone that was large with needles in groups of 2 or more, what did you find?

• Juniper

• Pine

• Spruce

• Fir

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible making food (Glucose) using sunlight?

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

A ___ change causes the substance to change to a new substance with different properties.

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

A ____ change only changes the look of the substance but NOT the chemical make-up.

• Physical

• Chemical

During a physical change, substances are NOT altered chemically.

​They change from one state of matter to another.

Or, they separate or combine without breaking or making bonds. ​

Mixtures can be separated based on the physical properties of their components.

Making and separating mixtures are examples of a physical change.

What is a physical change?

The substance can change between the states of matter. For example, changing from a liquid to a solid or gas.

Change in state of matter

​

The size the substance is altered to make it bigger or smaller. The shape can also be altered. For example, cutting wood, ripping paper, squeezing a sponge.

Change in size or shape

​

Any change made can be easily undone allowing the substance to return to its original form. For example, an ice cube that melts can be refrozen.

Change is reversible

​

During a chemical change, a substance combines in a chemical reaction to form one or more new substances with different chemical and physical properties.

A chemical reaction is a process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances​

The rate of the chemical reaction ​is affected by temperature, pressure, the concentration of the reactants, and the state of matter.

What is a chemical change?

​Reactions may either produce or absorb heat.

If heat is absorbed this is an endothermic reaction.

If heat is released this is an exothermic reaction. ​

Change in energy

​

​A reaction may produce a solid substance called a precipitate or release gas.

If gas is produced it can be seen as bubbles or effervescence (fizzing).​

Production of a new substance

​During a reaction, light is sometimes produced.

It can be released in a flash or slowly. For example the chemicals in a glow stick. ​

Production of light

Multiple Choice

What is an example of a chemical change that happens inside your body?

• Carbohydrates being broken down by acids in your stomach.

• Food being broken down into small pieces by your teeth.

• Your food shape changes as it is chewed

• Water is absorbed back into body inside your large intestine.

Multiple Choice

A change in the state of matter ...

• Chemical Change

• Physical Change

Multiple Choice

What is considered a chemical change during digestion?

• Moving food through the esophagus by peristalsis.

• Churning food in the stomach.

• Absorption of water in the large intestines.

• Enzymes in the mouth and stomach breaking down fats proteins and carbohydrates.

Multiple Choice

The candle wick is burning and the wax is melting. What changes are happening?

• Only Physical

• Only Chemical

• Both Physical and Chemical

Multiple Choice

All of the following are a part of cell theory EXCEPT...

• Cells come from pre existing cells

• All living things are made of cells

• All cells adapt over time

• Cells are the basic unit of life

Multiple Choice

This structure is most like the ___________ system because it controls the cell.

• digestive

• nervous

• circulatory

• integumentary

Multiple Choice

In Asexual reproduction, organisms cannot adapt because they are _______.

• different (genetically diverse)

• multicellular (made of many cells)

• uniform (lack genetic diversity)

• diverse (all the same)

Multiple Choice

Which statement is NOT part of the cell theory?

• All living things are made of cells

• Cells are the basic unit of life

• All cells contain the same organelles

• All new cells come from preexisting cells

Multiple Choice

 Which BEST describes the function of the nucleus of a cell?

• The “powerhouse”; produces energy

• The “gatekeeper” ; lets materials in and out

• The “control center”; controls activities and stores genetic material

• The “support structure” ; rigid, strong, stiff outer layer

Match

Match the following parts of the Cell Theory

• Cells are the ______ of life

• All cells come from...

• All organisms are made of

basic unit

pre-existing (other) cells

cells

• basic unit

• pre-existing (other) cells

• cells

Multiple Choice

What kind of cell is in the diagram?

• Animal Cell

• Plant Cell

• Bacterial Cell

• Virus

• Prokaryotic Cell

Multiple Choice

Which rigid organelle provides strength and support to plant cells.

• Chloroplast
• Cell Wall
• Cell Membrane
• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

The organelle that allows things in and out of the cell.  Also protects the cell.

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• ER
• ribosomes

Multiple Choice

Controls what enters or exits the cell. Provide a protective barrier for the cell.

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Convert the radiant energy of the sun to chemical energy of glucose (photosynthesis)

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and some protists. What is the function of chloroplasts?

• to store water

• to make glucose using the Sun's energy

• to make proteins

• to excrete waste materials

Multiple Choice

All cells have a cell (plasma) membrane. Plant cells have an additional organelle outside of the cell membrane that provides the cell with additional structure and support. What is that organelle?

• nuclear membrane

• ribosome

• vacuole

• cell wall

Multiple Choice

Photosynthesis is a ____________ change because a new substance is created.

• chemical

• physical

• both

Multiple Choice

This system brings in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

• respiratory

• circulatory

• digestive

• endocrine

Multiple Choice

Which answer shows only PHYSICAL CHANGES in digestion?

• stomach acid breaks down proteins & teeth chew food into smaller pieces

• teeth chew food into smaller pieces & saliva enzymes break down starches for digestion

• teeth chew food into smaller pieces & the esophagus moves the food down to the stomach

• the enzymes in saliva break down starches & acids in the stomach break down proteins

Multiple Choice

The sand dunes in the in the Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes ecoregion most likely formed by —

• the deposition of sand carried by swift wind blowing along the coast.

• land that slightly uplifted when tectonic plates moved under the beach sand.

• a primitive river that flowed toward the ocean and carved out the sand dunes.

• strong waves dumping chunks of the ocean floor onto the beach.

Multiple Choice

Little erosion due to nutrient rich soil and lots of vegetation.

Trees are the main plant life, lumber industry

• Piney Woods

• Edward's Plateau

Multiple Choice

In the Woodlands, erosion by runoff is minimal due to ______.

• dense forests hold soil in place

• sediments are released into runoff

• fires have been going on for many years

• All the above

Multiple Choice

the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.

• heredity
• trait
• gene
• allele

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct organization of genetic material from largest to smallest? 

• DNA→ genes → chromosomes→ nucleus 
• genes →DNA→ chromosomes → nucleus 
• nucleus→ chromosomes→ DNA → genes 
• chromosomes→ DNA→ nucleus→ genes

Multiple Choice

DNA is found in

• the nucleus

• the golgi body

• the ribosome

• the cell wall

Multiple Choice

Which of the following situations contributes to the sustainability of an ecosystem

• A. Increase in biodiversity

• B. Decrease in biodiversity

• C. Extinction of a population from the ecosystem

• D. Removal of many populations of organisms

Multiple Choice

Complete this statement. The more diverse an ecosystem is ----

• A. the more threatened its populations are

• B. the more similar the species will be

• C. the more stable it is

• D. the few varieties of species are present

Multiple Choice

A drought has hit this grassland biome. How will this effect the rabbit population?

• The rabbits will increase in number.
• The rabbit population will stay the same.
• The rabbit population will decrease.
• The rabbit population will become extinct immediately.

Multiple Choice

Magda is a tall, 11 year old drummer. She has a scar on her right cheek. She is good at swimming. Which of her traits did Magda most likely inherit?

• height
• the scar
• ability to swim
• ability to play drums