3 Types of Reasonings

By Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune

GRADE 8 CRM 3.3
Reading Informational
Text with Reading
Across Genres
Week 2
Days 1-5

Multiple Choice

Use your reasoning skills to decide if the claim below is logical (makes sense) or illogical (unreasonable). 

All my teachers drive old cars, bring their lunches from home, and wear out-of-date clothes. They must not make much money.

• logical

• illogical

By the end of the lesson I will be able to:

❑

understand three types of reasoning- inductive, abductive,
inductive.

❑

use steps to recognize when types of reasoning are being used.

ELA.8.R.2.4 Track the development of an argument, analyzing the
types of reasoning and their effectiveness, identifying ways in
which the argument could be improved.

4

ELA.8.R.2.4

The writers of an argumentative text
will take a position about an idea or
topic and provide extensive evidence to
support their claim. Writers may include
logical fallacies and reasoning
techniques to persuade readers to
accept a particular viewpoint. Your job
is to recognize when errors of logic-
fallacies and errors in reasoning are
being presented. Likewise, you must
also identify how the argument could be improved.

•argument- a coherent series of
reasons, statements, or facts intended
to support or establish a perspective.

•claim- a statement that something is
true or is a fact, although other people
might not believe it.

•reasoning- the process of thinking
about something in a logical way in
order to form a conclusion or judgment

•logical fallacies: errors in logic

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Remember this Pattern:

If “X” is true, then “Y” is
true. So “Z” must be
true.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer choice that correctly finishes the statement:

All dolphins are mammals .

All mammals have kidneys.

Therefore.....

• All mammals are dolphins

• All dolphins are mammals

• All dolphins have kidneys

• Kidneys do not belong to mammals

9

Remember this
Pattern:

Observation = Final
Conclusion

Multiple Choice

Choose the answer that correctly finishes the statement:

My mother is Irish. She has blond hair. Therefore.......

• Everyone from Ireland is a woman

• Everyone in Ireland is Irish

• Ireland does not like blonds

• Everyone from Ireland has blond hair

11

Multiple Choice

Choose the answer below that correctly finishes the statement.

• Usually, my partner gets home from work at around 6. It’s now 7 o’clock, so.....

• I know she is still coming home

• She must be stuck in bad traffic

• She quit her job and went elsewhere

• She is still at work

Multiple Choice

What type of reasoning does the author use to support the argument that children are impulsive?

Our group of researchers gave 500 children the marshmallow test, and most of the children in the study failed the marshmallow test. We determined that most children in the world struggle with delayed gratification.

• She uses inductive reasoning  to determine a broad characteristic of children.

• She uses deductive reasoning to state a series of facts about children worldwide.

• She uses inductive reasoning to  show most children can wait when instructed.

• She uses deductive reasoning to show that children are selfish.

• She uses abductive reasoning to prove marshmallow's are not preferred by children.