Open lesson ПУПР

​Warm-up
"Yes, yes, no game"

​a busker, a chorus, a receipt, a till, to refund, a reduction, an opera singer, cash, cheques, solo, to save for, clever lyrics, in sale, to take back, a string quartet, a product placement, a choir, a rock band, a movement, a bargain.

​What is the topic of our lesson?

​Participle clauses

​1. What does it show?
2. How do you think it was taken?

​Participle clauses

​ This picture, called Boxing, shows two men
fighting on a skyscraper. The men, dressed in
matching shorts and T-shirts, are very near the
edge of the building.
The man wearing blue boxing gloves is hitting the other man, who is about to fall. This large picture, measuring 176 x 366cm, is one of a collection of photos currently exhibited by
photographer Li Wei in Hong Kong. Li Wei, born
in China in 1970, is well known for his unusual
and gravity-defying photographs, produced
without the use of computer software.

​1. What does it show?
2. How do you think it was taken?

​Relative clauses

​1. Maria has a dog which follows her everywhere.
2. Tom, who is an artist, lives in New York.

What relative pronouns and adverbs do we use?
What is the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses?

​Participle clauses

​We can use participle clauses to give more information about a noun. They can be described as shortened relative clauses (D or ND).

- To give the result of an action
The bomb exploded, destroying the building.

- To give the reason for an action
Knowing she loved reading, Richard bought her a book.

- To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action
Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money.

- To add information about the subject of the main clause
Filled with pride, he walked towards the stage.

​Participle clauses

1. They contain either a present participle (-ing) or past participle (-ed).

2. Clauses with a present participle replace an active verb. The verb they replace can be in any tense.
She's wearing a necklace which belonged to her aunt.
She's wearing a necklace belonging to her aunt.

3. Clauses with a past participle replace a passive verb in any tense.
The match, which will be shown on TV this evening, will be watched by millions.
The match, shown on TV this evening, will be watched by millions.

​Participle clauses

​ This picture, called Boxing, shows two men
fighting on a skyscraper. The men, dressed in
matching shorts and T-shirts, are very near the
edge of the building.
The man wearing blue boxing gloves is hitting the other man, who is about to fall. This large picture, measuring 176 x 366cm, is one of a collection of photos currently exhibited by
photographer Li Wei in Hong Kong. Li Wei, born
in China in 1970, is well known for his unusual
and gravity-defying photographs, produced
without the use of computer software.