LS1-1: Cell Organelles

7.12DE Cell Organelles

Ms. Lobdell

Poll

Do all cells have organelles? 

• yes

• no 

​No..

​But all Eukaryotic cells do. This means both plant and animal cells are Eukaryotic cells.

​

​Prokaryotic cells refer to those without membrane bound organelles, like bacteria and archaea. (Don't need to know right now).

​Organelle

• ​A structure inside a cell that performs a specialized function

  Organelles:

  • ​cell wall

  • cell membrane

  • nucleus

  • cytoplasm

  • mitochondria

  • chloroplast

  • vacuole

  • lysosomes

  • ER (smooth and rough)

  • Golgi complex

​Cell Membrane

• ​lipid barrier

• ​encloses the cytoplasm

• ​controls what enters and exits the cell

• ​protects and gives cell some structure

• ​in both plant and animal cells

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the cell membrane?

• directs cells activities

• holds a cell together and separates it from its surrounding

• stores food, water, and wastes

Multiple Choice

Cell membranes are sometimes called selective because--

• cell membranes are usually not found in cells

• cell membranes hold the cell together

• cell membranes allows all types of substance inside the cell

• cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell

Multiple Choice

What is the organelle that surrounds the outside of every cell?

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Lysosome

Cell are constantly absorbing and releasing things into their surroundings.

The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell

The membrane is selectively permeable, which means it allows some things in and out of the cell - but not all things. (It's selective)

Multiple Choice

Things enter and exit the cell membrane in two ways.

Which way do you think happens on its own?

• active transport

• passive transport

Multiple Choice

Things enter and exit the cell membrane in two ways.

Which way do you think requires energy?

• active transport

• passive transport

Multiple Choice

If you were some bad guy trying to sneak into an animal cell, who would be there to stop you? (hint: it's the OUTER layer)

• nucleus
• mitochondria
• cell membrane
• cell wall

Multiple Choice

What is the outer boundary called on ALL cells that controls what goes in and out of that cell?

• Cell Wall

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

The Cell Membrane:

• Controls what enters and leaves the cell

• Is present in all cells

• is also called the fluid mosaic model or plasma membrane

Multiple Select

What are the various names for the cell membrane?

• plasma membrane

• fluid mosaic model

• cell wall

• cell packaging

Multiple Select

What kind of cells have a cell membrane?

• virus

• bacteria

• plant

• animal

• eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

The function of the cell membrane is to:

• control what enters and leaves the nucleus

• control what enters and leaves the cell

• give a plant cell extra support

The Cell Membrane is made of:

• Phospholipids

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is NOT found in the cell membrane?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

The Cell Membrane is semipermeable

• Only small, non-polar molecules can come directly across the lipid bi-layer

• All other ions and molecules must use a protein channel because they are large and charged

• Water uses a "special" channel called an aquaporin

​Cell Wall

• ​tough, protective barrier

• ​made of cellulose

• surrounds the outer membrane of plant cells

• ​forms stiff and rigid structure to help plants grow tall

  NOT in animal cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are NOT found in animal cells?

• chloroplasts and cell wall
• cell wall and cell membrane
• mitochondria and nucleus

Multiple Select

The following are True in Plant Cells. Check all that apply.

• are circular in shape

• are rectangular in shape

• contain a cell wall

• contain a large vacuole

• contain a chloroplast

Multiple Choice

What kind of cell is this?

• plant

• animal

Multiple Choice

This type of cell needs a cell wall and chloroplasts

• Animal Cell

• Plant Cell

Multiple Choice

When water pressure changes in a plant cell, the cell wall _

• regulates material into the cell 

• helps the cell maintain its shape

• converts light to energy 

• separates genetic material 

​Cytoplasm

• ​jellylike material

• ​touches the inside of the cell membrane

• ​holds the nucleus, organelles, and other components of the cell

• ​in both plant and animal cells

Multiple Choice

I am the inside of all cells.

I am a gel like substance.

• Cytoplasm

• Chloroplast

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is labeled 7?

• choloplast

• mitochondria

• cytoplasm

• central vacuole

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is the jelly-like substance that protects and holds the cell organelles?

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• central vacuole

• cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

The watery liquid that fills the cell: 

• Chromatin
• Nucleolus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell Membrane

Multiple Choice

The jelly-like fluid that supports the organelles in place. 

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• chloroplast
• cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Which organelle do both plants and animals have? 

• cell wall 

• chloroplast

• cell membrane

​Vacuole

• ​stores water waste and food

• ​in both plant and animal cells

• ​plant cells have big vacuoles to store water and keep their shape

• ​animal cells have many small vacuoles or no vacuoles at all

Multiple Choice

What is the large sac that holds food, water, and waste?

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What kind of cell is this?

• plant

• animal

Multiple Choice

What kind of cell is this?

• plant

• animal

Multiple Choice

What do vacuoles do? 

• They actually do not have an important role
• They protect the cell
• They are the brain of the cell
• storage area for cells; water storage in plants 

Vacuole

Storage of the cells. Plants cells have one large vacuole. Animal cells have many large vacuole.

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Vacuole?

• Structure: Large, round sac that is filled with fluid

  Function: Stores water, food, or waste materials for the cell

• Structure: Bean- or peanut-shaped with internal membranes

  Function: Gives support to the organelles within the cell

​Nucleus

• membrane-bound organelle in Eukaryotic cells

• ​contains DNA - genetic material

• ​control center of the cell

Multiple Choice

The organelle that is the control center of the cell.

• nucleus
• cell membrane
• ER
• ribosomes

​​Nucleus

'Brain' of the cell. Control all cell activities.

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Nucleus?

• Structure: The Jelly-like material that is within the cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane.

  Function: Converts light energy into chemical energy

• Structure: A large, oval-shaped structure that is enclosed in a membrane.

  Function: Contains the genetic material responsible for controlling the activities of the cell

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the nucleus?

• release energy from nutrients

• makes food for the cell

• stores food for the cell

• directs the cell's activities

Multiple Choice

Where is DNA stored in a cell? 

• Lysosomes
• Golgi Complex
• Ribosomes
• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

The nucleus is the control center of the cell. 

What organ in humans is this organelle comparable to? 

• lung

• brain 

• heart

• kidney

​Mitochondria

• ​bean/peanut shaped with lots of folds for surface area

• ​​functions in energy production​

• ​powerhouse of the cell

• ​in both plant and animal cells

• ​breaks down sugars to make ATP (energy)

  • ​process called cellular respiration

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Mitochondria?

• Structure: Bean- or peanut-shaped with internal membranes.

  Function: Breaks down sugars to release energy in a form usable by the cell; the powerhouse of the cell.

• Structure: Green, oval-shaped structure that contains chlorophyll

  Function: Regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell, protects and gives some structure.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of mitochondria?

• supports and protects a plant cell

• releases energy from nutrients

• stores food, water, or wastes

​Cellular Respiration

• ​process of obtaining energy from the breaking of chemical bonds in nutrients

• ​in mitochondria

• ​how cells get energy!

Cellular Respiration

How does this process relate to photosynthesis?

Multiple Choice

What gas goes into the plant before photosynthesis?

• Carbon Dioxide

• Carbon Monoxide

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

Multiple Choice

What two products does a plant make during photosynthesis?

• Water and Glucose
• Oxygen and Glucose
• Oxygen and Water
• CO₂ and Glucose

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT AN IMPACT photosynthesis has on an ecosystem:

• Oxygen for animals and humans to breathe
• Food for us to eat
• Taking CO₂ out of the air
• Taking oxygen out of the air

Multiple Choice

Cellular respiration is...

• the process by which cells break down glucose into energy.

• the process by which cells break light down into energy.

• the process by which cells communicate with other cells.

Multiple Choice

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

• Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP.

• Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen.

• Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.

• Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Multiple Choice

Cellular respiration occurs in

• chloroplasts

• mitochondria

• golgi aparatus

• thylakoid

Multiple Choice

These organisms get their energy from photosynthesis:

• autotroph

• heterotroph

Multiple Choice

Which type of organism would MOST likely benefit directly from increased levels of CO2?

• mushroom

• tree

• bird

• fish

Multiple Choice

How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?

• What's produced by one is needed for the other

• They both produce the same products

• They both have the same reactants (need the same things)

• These 2 processes have nothing in common

Multiple Choice

How can energy from the sun be transferred to animals?

• The sun's energy is transformed into food by plants, animals eat plants as food so that they can transform that food into energy.

• Plants produced energy through photosynthesis, animals that eat that energy can produce food.

• Plants transformed energy of the sun into gases that animals can breath in to use as energy through respiration.

• Animals are able to use energy from the sun by eating the plants that provides energy for the animals.

​Chloroplast

• ​oval shaped membrane-bound organelle

• ​site of photosynthesis

  • ​converts light energy into chemical energy

• ​contains chlorophyll - the stuff that makes plants green

• ​how plants get their food

• ​only in plant cells

Multiple Select

Which two organelles are NOT found in animal cells?

• Cell membrane

• Cell wall

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Which organelle collects sunlight to make sugar during photosynthesis?

• Chloroplast
• Cell Wall
• Cell Membrane
• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

Why are chloroplasts found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

• Plant cells need rigid support

• Plant cells need to store food and water

• Plant cells need to make their own food

​Chloroplast

Only found in plant cells. Allows the cell to make its own food.

Multiple Choice

What is the Function and Structure of the Chloroplast?

• Structure: Green, oval-shaped structure that contains chlorophyll

  Function: Converts light energy into chemical energy.

• Structure: Bean- or peanut-shaped with internal membranes.

  Function: Contains the genetic material responsible for controlling the activities of the cell.

Multiple Choice

Animals find and eat food for energy. Plants cannot do this. What organelle functions similarly to animals eating food? 

• cell wall

• nucleus

• chloroplast

• mitochondria

​Photosynthesis

• ​chemical reaction in plants

• ​converts radiant energy from the Sun to chemical energy

• ​converts carbon dioxide and water into sugar (glucose) and oxygen

Multiple Choice

What two organelles are ONLY in plant cells?

• chloroplast

  cell wall

• cell membrane

  cytoplasm

• mitochondrion

  vacuole

• cell wall

  mitochondrion 

​Other Organelles

​Endoplasmic Reticulum

(ER)

• ​network to transport and store substances in the cell

• ​pathway between nucleus and cell membrane

• ​Smooth and Rough ER

• ​ER (emergency room - ambulance transports you to the ER)

​Ribosomes

• ​produce proteins

• ​small round organelles

• ​on Eough ER

​Lysosomes

• ​break down food molecules and dead/injured cells

• ​mostly in animal cells

• ​Lysol cleaner

Multiple Choice

Lysosomes are similar to which organ system in humans? 

• respiratory 

• circulatory 

• digestive

• endocrine

​Golgi Body or Golgi Complex

• ​produces lysosomes

• ​packages proteins for the cell

• ​releases proteins into cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

"Post office" of the cell that packages proteins and fats: 

• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosome

​Mitochondrion:

• ​Powerhouse of the cell, it releases energy (ATP)

• ​Every cell contains many mitochondria (one heart cell contains thousands)

• ​Each mitochondria is surrounded by 2 membranes

• ​Mitochondria process and release energy needed for survival 

​

Golgi Apparatus:

• Looks like a stack of pancakes

• It prepares proteins for their specific jobs or functions​

​

​

Multiple Choice

"Post office" of the cell that packages proteins and fats:

• Rough ER

• Smooth ER

• Golgi Apparatus

Multiple Choice

The control center of the cell; contains DNA

• mitochondria

• nucleus

• ribosomes

• ER

• Golgi Bodies

Multiple Choice

The golgi apparatus is most similar to _

• the mall 

• the post office

• H-E-B

• middle school

Multiple Choice

Where cellular respiration takes place to make energy for the cell

• nucleus

• mitochondria

• Golgi Bodies

• ER

• lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Controls what enters and exits the cell like a door

• cell membrane

• nuclear membrane

• ER

• Cell wall

• vacuole

Multiple Choice

Captures energy from the sun to make food in a plant cell

• lysosomes

• vacuoles

• Golgi bodies

• ribosomes

• Chloroplasts

Multiple Choice

Transports materials throughout the cell, like a winding road

• Golgi Bodies

• cell membrane

• ER

• ribosomes

• cytoskeleton

Multiple Choice

Small protein filaments in the cytoplasm that give shape and support to a cell

• cell membrane

• cell wall

• vacuoles

• lysosomes

• cytoskeleton

Multiple Choice

Controls what enters and exits the nucleus

• cell membrane

• nucleus gate

• Nuclear membrane

• ER

• Nuclear wall

Multiple Choice

The filling in the cell that takes up space between organelles

• nucleus

• cytoskeleton

• gelatin

• cytoplasm

• cytochondria

Multiple Choice

Stores materials in the cell like a closet

• vacuoles

• lysosomes

• Golgi bodies

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

Multiple Choice

Produces proteins for the cell

• ribosomes

• lysosomes

• vacuoles

• mitochondria

• chloroplasts

Multiple Choice

Gives shape and support to a plant cell

• cell wall

• cell membrane

• vacuole

• chloroplasts

• Cell skeleton

Multiple Choice

Helps remove wastes and damaged cell parts

• vacuoles

• chloroplasts

• ribosomes

• mitochondria

• lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Packages materials and sends them to other parts of the cell

• ER

• nucleus

• Golgi bodies

• ribosomes

• chloroplasts

Multiple Select

Which are found only in a plant cell?

• cell wall

• nuclear membrane

• chloroplasts

• large central vacuole

• lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is this?

• mitochondria

• ER

• Golgi bodies

• nucleus

• cytoplasm

Multiple Select

What type of cell is this? (check all that apply)

• plant

• animal

• prokaryote

• eukaryote

• bacteria

Multiple Choice

What is #1 pointing to?

• cell wall

• cell membrane

• cytoskeleton

• ER

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is #8 pointing to?

• ER

• lysosomes

• vacuoles

• mitochondria

• ribosomes

Multiple Choice

What is #4 pointing to?

• cell membrane

• cell wall

• cytoskeleton

• nucleus

• nuclear membrane

Multiple Choice

What is #7 pointing to?

• vacuole

• rough ER

• smooth ER

• Golgi bodies

• chloroplasts