Unit 4 Ecology Test Review 2024 (Part II)

Multiple Choice

The population of reindeer has been decreasing over the last 20 years in the Arctic because climate change has led to more rainfall there. The rain freezes on top of the snow, preventing the reindeer from getting through the snow to find food.

Which action by humans has most likely contributed to climate change?

• recycling materials

• protecting wildlife

• maintaining the ozone shield

• burning fossil fuels

Multiple Choice

The diagram below represents a biological process.

Which statement is true about the biological process shown?

• This is a short-term process resulting from sudden changes.

• This process cannot be altered by humans and other organisms.

• If the hardwood trees are destroyed, the altered ecosystem cannot recover.

• The shrubs modify the environment, making it more suitable for the softwood trees.

Multiple Choice

A saltwater aquarium contained a variety of saltwater fish and plants. Members of a species of small fish from a freshwater stream were accidentally added to the saltwater tank. Within an hour, all of the fish that were added were dead, while the saltwater fish were still healthy.

What is the most likely reason that explains the death of the freshwater fish?

• The freshwater fish became severely dehydrated due to the process of osmosis

• The freshwater fish swelled up and died due to taking in too much water

• The freshwater fish had no freshwater organisms to eat in the saltwater tank, so they died of starvation

• The freshwater fish ate all of the plants in the tank, so there was no longer oxygen in the water

Multiple Choice

Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box.

Which statements best describe these relationships?

• Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 2 is an example of commensalism. Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

• Relationships 1 and 2 are examples of commensalism. Relationships 3 and 4 are examples of mutualism.

• Relationship 1 is an example of commensalism. Relationships 2 and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 3 is an example of predation.

• Relationships 1, 2, and 4 are examples of mutualism. Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.

Multiple Choice

Organisms living in a forest ecosystem rely on the Sun as a source of energy for metabolic processes. The following events occur as energy is captured by a plant and used in the metabolic processes of an herbivore.

What is the most likely order in which these events occur?

• [A] – [D] – [B] – [C]

• [B] – [A] – [C] – [D]

• [D] – [A] – [B] – [C]

• [D] – [B] – [A] – [C]

Multiple Choice

Plants and animals undergo the same process to obtain energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria of both plant and animals cells.

Place the inputs in order. Place the outputs in order.

• Inputs: Water + CO2

  Outputs: O2 + Glucose + ATP

• Inputs: CO2 + O2

  Outputs: Glucose + ATP + Water

• Inputs: O2 + water

  Outputs: CO2 + Glucose + ATP

• Inputs: Glucose + O2

  Outputs: CO2 + Water + ATP

Multiple Choice

According to the theory of endosymbiosis, free-living cyanobacteria moved into some eukaryote cells millions of years ago and evolved into the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Which statement correctly compares a cyanobacterium and a chloroplast?

• Both have a cell wall .

• Both contain a nucleus .

• Both perform photosynthesis .

• Both are single-celled organisms

Multiple Choice

A scientist is studying the stages of meiosis in a cell that has two pairs of chromosomes. The diagram shows a parent cell and four daughter cells formed after meiosis.

Which of the following best explains what occurred in this parent cell?

• Non-disjunction occurred because half of the daughter cells are haploid and half of the daughter cells are diploid.

• Non-disjunction occurred because some daughter cells received more chromosomes than the other daughter cells.

• Normal meiosis occurred because some daughter cells received more dominant genes than the other daughter cells.

• Normal meiosis occurred because some daughter cells received more dominant genes than the other daughter cells.

Multiple Choice

At a point in the cell cycle, chromosomes have aligned near the middle of a cell. as indicated by the arrow in the microscope image below.

Which sequence of events will the cell, identified by the arrow in the picture above, need to complete in order to produce two identical daughter cells?

• anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

• anaphase II, telophase II and cytokinesis II

• prophase, metaphase, and anaphase

• metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II

Multiple Choice

Use the lists below to answer the question.

A student made lists of structures observed in cells from two different organisms .

Which statement describes the most likely difference in the way that organism 1 and organism 2 obtain energy?

• Only organism 1 uses solar energy to make energy rich molecules.

• Only organism 1 stores solar energy until it is needed for its life processes .

• Only organism 2 produces molecules for long-term energy storage .

• Only organism 2 transforms food energy into ATP during cellular respiration

Multiple Choice

Which biological molecules are most likely represented by molecules 1 and 2?

• molecule 1 is a lipid and molecule is a nucleic acid

• molecule 1 is a lipid molecule and molecule 2 is a protein

• molecule 1 is a carbohydrate and molecule 2 is a nucleic acid

• molecule 1 is a carbohydrate and molecule 2 is a protein

Multiple Choice

Which genetic mutation is shown in the diagram?

• a point mutation caused by a base deletion

• a point mutation caused by a base substitution

• a frameshift mutation caused by a base insertion

• a frameshift mutation caused by a base substitution