5A/5B/5C/6D STAAR Tutoring

5A/5C: Cell Cycle & Cancer

By Saran Ward

​Why does the cell spend most of the time in interphase?

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​ cells spend most time in interphase,during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division.

Multiple Choice

5A: Part of the cell cycle is shown in this simplified model. This part of the cell cycle is best described as the process that:

• duplicates DNA

• completes cell division

• maintains genetic homeostasis

• synthesizes new molecules

G2 checkpoint

​before entering mitosis if dna is damaged, it must be repaired before entering mitosis so healthy daughter cells are allowing organisms to continue growing

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

5A: Checkpoints occur between the stages of the cell cycle. If a cell does not meet certain criteria at the end of a stage, it will not move to the next stage. Which of these occurs just before the cell enters the G₂ stage of the cell cycle?

• The nuclear membrane disintegrates

• DNA replicates

• Centrioles form

• The nucleolus divides

Multiple Choice

Put the following in order: G2, G1, S, mitosis, cytokinesis. 

• G1, G2, S, Mitosis, cytokinesis
• G1, S, G2, Mitosis, cytokinesis
• G1, G2, S, cytokinesis, mitosis
• G1, S, G2, cytokinesis, mitosis

Multiple Choice

Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase. 

• prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
• prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase

Multiple Choice

5A: The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Multiple Choice

During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

• G1 phase
• S phase
• G2 phase
• M phase

Multiple Choice

Cancer is caused by

• Out of control DNA replication

• Out of control cell cycle caused by damaged DNA

• Out of control cell cycle caused by cyclins

• Tumors

​Cancer

oncogenes are mutated forms of genes into tumor cells

because cell division is unregulated

-cancer cells repeat the continuously and do not enter G0

​

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

5C: Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presences of an oncogene lead to the transformation of a tumor?

• ATP production is inhibited

• Cell division is unregulated

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited

• Antibody activity is unregulated

Multiple Choice

Uncontrollable cell growth is known as _____

• obesity
• cancer
• diabetes
• hepatitis

Multiple Choice

• Anaphase
• Cytokinesis
• Telophase
• Metaphase

Multiple Choice

What phase is this cell in ?

• interphase
• prophase
• metaphase
• ananphase

Multiple Choice

What phase is this cell in ?

• interphase
• prophase
• metaphase
• ananphase

Multiple Choice

What phase is this cell in ?

• telophase
• prophase
• metaphase
• ananphase

Multiple Choice

How many chromosomes are in a healthy human body cell (not a sex cell)?

• 8
• 23
• 46
• 50

Multiple Choice

The mitotic phase creates

• 2 nonidentical cells
• 2 identical cells
• 4 identical cells
• 4 nonidentical cells

Multiple Choice

Cell division is represented by what letter?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Multiple Choice

What stage is this?

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Where does a cell contain it's genetic material?

• nucleus
• nucleolus
• cytoskeleton
• golgi

Multiple Choice

During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

• Gap₁
• Gap₂
• Mitosis
• Synthesis

Multiple Choice

When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as -

• a tumor

• an embryo

• a gland

• an organ

Multiple Choice

Cells typically respond to DNA damage in three ways: by ceasing to grow and divide until the damage is repaired, by permanently ceasing to grow and divide, or by dying. In 2010 a group of scientists reported that a certain kind of immune reaction can cause DNA damage that leads to a fourth response. DNA damage can turn off genes involved in cell-signaling pathways. Turning off these genes can cause less-mature cells to divide too rapidly, often leading to the development of -

• tumors

• allergies

• hemophilia

• cardiovascular disease

Do your brain cells and skin cells have the same DNA?

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

6D From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

• Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells.

• Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.

Multiple Choice

What is the name for undifferentiated cells?

• Skin cells

• Stem cells

• Mitotic cells

• Egg cells

Multiple Choice

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

• cell multiplication
• cell division
• mitosis
• cell differentiation

Multiple Choice

Gene expression is regulated by:

• Internal factors

• External factors

• Both

Internal Factors

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Select

Which are internal factors that influence gene expression?

Select two answers

• Genetics

• Temperature

• Mutations

• Drugs

• Radiation

External Factors

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Select

Which are external factors that influence gene expression?

Select two answers

• Mutations

• Temperature

• Gender

• Genetics

• Drugs

Multiple Choice

6D: The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?

• The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude

• The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature