Category 2 STAAR Review

Multiple Choice

All of the following statements are true of a DNA molecule except that it-

• is made up of lipids.
• contains nucleotides.
• stores genetic information.
• duplicates itself.

Multiple Choice

The macromolecules that make up nucleic acids contain which of the following elements?

• Hydrogen and nitrogen only
• Nitrogen and oxygen only
• Hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
• Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

Multiple Choice

What is a nucleotide? 

• A monomer made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
• A monomer made of a adenosine triphosphate, a phosphate, and a sugar
• A polymer made of DNA and RNA
• No other choice is correct.

Multiple Choice

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG

• ATG TGA CAG
• TAC ACT GTC
• GTA AGT GAC
• CAT TCA CTG

Multiple Choice

Which component of DNA specifies the traits of an organism?

• 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
• hydrogen bonds
• phosphate groups
• nitrogenous base pairs

Multiple Choice

The process in which the genetic code in RNA is converted into a polypeptide chain (protein) is called ___________ and it happens in the __________.

• translation, nucleus.

• replication, nucleus.

• translation, ribosome.

• transcription, nucleus.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best defines the process of transcription?

• A molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA
• A DNA strand unzips and makes an exact copy of itself
• tRNA molecules carry amino acids to match up with the sequence on the RNA molecule
• None of the other answer choices

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
• Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 
• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 

Multiple Choice

Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA

• UATUAGA
• ACGACTG
• CAUCAGU
• CATCAGT

Multiple Choice

What type of gene mutation has occurred here? Normal-
AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG
Mutant-
AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G

• deletion frameshift
• insertion frameshift
• substitution
• nonsense

Multiple Choice

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTACGCAAC. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Base Substitution
• Base Insertion
• Base Inversion
• Translocation

Multiple Choice

How are mutations passed on to offspring?

• Any mutation that an organism acquires in its life can be passed on to the offspring through its gametes (sex cells)
• Only mutations that occur *in the gametes* are passed on to the offspring
• Mutations are not usually passed on to the offspring. A mutation stays within the original organism.
• Mutations are not passed to offspring. They only occur within developing embryos.

Multiple Choice

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
• They often delete things that organisms need.
• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Multiple Choice

Y for yellow body is dominant over y for blue body.  What alleles would produce yellow bodies?

• YY,yy
• Yy,yy
• YY only
• YY,Yy

Multiple Choice

Why are men 16 times more likely to have the sex linked trait for color-blindness than women?

• to be color-blind, you must have a Y chromosome

• Females must get TWO recessive genes for the trait where as males only need ONE of the recessive genes

• color-blindness is caused by testosterone

• color-blindness is caused by the same gene as baldness

Multiple Choice

What is the phenotype of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair) 

• 50 % Brown Hair and 50% Blond Hair 
• 25 % Brown Hair and 75% Blond Hair 
• 75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair 
• 0% Brown Hair and 100% Blond Hair 

Multiple Choice

With mitosis you get ___, _________ cells, but with meiosis, you get ___, ____________.

• 4, different,  2, identical
• 4, identical, 2, different
• 2, different, 4, identical
• 2,  identical, 4, different

Multiple Choice

What causes genetic variation in meiosis?

• chromosomes lining up
• crossing over of chromosomes
• separation of chromosomes
• chromosomes pulling apart

Multiple Choice

The purpose of meiosis is to form ________ cells.

• body
• sex
• somatic
• brain

Multiple Choice

Muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked recessive disorder. A man with muscular dystrophy marries a woman who doesn’t have this disease. Half of their daughters and half of their sons develop this disease. What is the genotype of the mother?

• X^NX^N

• X^NXⁿ

• Xⁿ

• X^N

Multiple Choice

There are genetic crosses in which neither of two alleles is dominant over the other. In these crosses, the phenotype is a blend of the two alleles. These crosses are described as   

• Codominant
• Incomplete dominance
• Polygenic inheritance
• Multiple alleles

Multiple Choice

A breed of chicken shows codominance for feather color. One allele codes for black feathers, another codes for white feathers. The feathers of heterozygous chickens of this breed will be

• Black
• White
• Gray
• Speckled