Urinary intro

General functions of the urinary system

1. Describe the normal routes of body water entry and loss, and explain how changes in water intake/loss can disrupt
osmolarity homeostasis.
2. Describe the major functions of the urinary system and describe the organs that are responsible for those functions.

Gross and microscopic anatomy of the kidney

1.Identify and describe the anatomic structure of the kidney and trace the path of blood flow through the kidney, from
the renal artery to the renal vein

2.Identify and describe the structure of a typical nephron, including the renal corpuscle (i.e.,glomerular [Bowman’s]
capsule, glomerulus) and renal tubule (i.e., proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop [loop of Henle], distal
convoluted tubule).

3.Identify and describe the vascular elements associated with the nephron (i.e., afferent and efferent arterioles,
glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta).

4.Compare and contrast the anatomic structure of the cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons and the
vascular elements associated with nephrons

5.Trace the flow of filtrate from the renal corpuscle through the collecting duct and trace the path of urine from the
collecting duct of the kidney to the external urethral orifice

Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

1. Describe the three processes that take place in the nephron (i.e., filtration, reabsorption, and secretion) and
explain how the integration of these three processes determines the volume and composition of urine
2. Compare and contrast blood plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine and use this information to predict which
molecules will be filtered, dynamically resorbed, or secreted as waste
3. Describe/draw/label the structures within the renal corpuscle that allow for plasma filtration (i.e. the filtration
structures that lie between the lumen of the glomerular capillaries and the capsular (Bowman) space) and
compare the composition of blood plasma to filtrate

Open Ended

Describe the major functions of the urinary system and describe the organs that are responsible for those functions.

Describe the major functions of the urinary system and describe the
organs that are responsible for those functions.

Functions of kidneys: Filter blood and form urine.
-Regulation of blood volume and pressure (also regulated by the
cardiovascular system)
--They regulate the electrolyte and acid–balance of the body fluids.

Regulation of blood Osmolarity (~300mOsm/L)

-Waste excretion: filter blood plasma- urea, many other things (urobilinogen)

Multiple Select

Which are correct descriptions?

• Filtration- making filtrate from blood

• Filtration- removing all substances from blood

• Secretion- moving substances from the blood to the filtrate

• Secretion- moving substances from the filtrate to the blood

Multiple Choice

Decreased reabsorption means

• Increased urination

• Decreased urination

Three major renal processes

Multiple Select

Which are filtered out so that they are never in the urine?

• Glucose
• Proteins

• Urea & uric acid

• Potassium
• Red blood cells

Multiple Select

Which are waste products that are secreted into the filtrate?

• Glucose
• Sodium
• Urea & uric acid

• Potassium
• Ammonia

Multiple Select

Which are mostly reabsorbed so there is very little in the urine (under normal conditions)?

• Glucose
• Sodium
• Urea & uric acid

• Bicarbonate

Multiple Select

Which are reabsorbed and secreted dynamically, depending on homeostatic levels?

• Glucose
• Sodium
• Urea & uric acid

• Potassium
• Bicarbonate

Which molecules are filtered, dynamically resorbed, or secreted as waste?

Multiple Choice

The white arrow is pointing to the

• afferent arteriole

• efferent arteriole

• renal artery

• renal vein

Multiple Choice

The grey arrow is pointing to the

• afferent arteriole

• efferent arteriole

• renal artery

• renal vein

Multiple Choice

Oxygenated blood travels to the kidney via the ______, which then becomes the __________

• Renal vein, renal artery

• Renal vein, cortical radiate vein

• Renal artery, renal vein

• Renal artery, cortical radiate artery

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct order of blood flow through the kidney?

• Renal vein, cortical radiate vein, afferent arterioles, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, glomerulus, cortical radiate artery, renal artery

• Renal vein, cortical radiate vein, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, cortical radiate artery, renal artery

• Renal artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arterioles, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, glomerulus, cortical radiate vein, renal vein

• Renal artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arterioles, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, cortical radiate vein, renal vein

•Renal artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arterioles, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries,
vasa recta, cortical radiate vein, renal vein

Fill in the Blanks

Draw

Label the five blank spaces in the image

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

Nephron and the collecting system

Nephron

2 Proximal

Convoluted
Tubule

4 Distal

Convoluted
Tubule

Collecting System

1 Renal

Corpuscle

Efferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole

Glomerular capsule

Glomerulus

5

Collecting Duct

3 Nephron Loop

Thick ascending
limb

6

Papillary Duct

KEY

Filtrate

Water reabsorption

Variable water reabsorption

Variable solute reabsorption
or secretion

Solute reabsorption or secretion

thin limb

Martini Figure 24.4

Multiple Choice

The filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle is made up of

• Afferent glomerular cells & podocytes

• Capillary endothelial cells, connective tissue, podocytes

• Afferent glomerular cells, basement membrane, podocytes

• Capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane, podocytes