Chinese Philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism

​Chinese Philosophies: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

Confucianism

The philosophy of Confucianism focuses on the belief that all people are basically good, and will behave correctly if properly taught. Self improvement is possible through an individual and group focus on morals and ethics.

Many of the teachings and actions needed in society were taught through various rituals and ceremonies.

Main Concepts of Confucianism

• Kinship (Filial Piety) - The proper relationship between family members serves as an example for all other relationships in society.

• Order - There is a correct way to do EVERYTHING! Learn what that proper way is and do it perfect! This is often taught through rituals and ceremonies.

• Hierarchy - Those in higher positions should serve as an example to those of lower positions in society (father should be a righteous example to the children, the king should be a moral example to the people)

Did It Work?

Many of his students followed his teachings, but Confucius's teachings would not catch on overall in China until many years after his death.

His students recorded his teachings in a book known as "The Analects." More people became aware of his teachings through this book.

Confucius's teachings were attacked by some groups, but eventually adopted by the Han Dynasty as their official policy.

Daoism

• spiritual force of nature

• happiness comes from being one with Tao, or "the way"

• find balance between yin and yang (positive/negative, good/bad)

Daoism

• Fonded by Laozi. Believed in "Dao", which means "The Way"

• Believed true harmony comes from balance. (Yin & Yang)

• Everyone must discover the Dao for themselves. Too many laws and rules cause conflict.

• The best ruler was the one who ruled the least.

Legalism

• Founded by Hanfeizi

• Wanted to create peace & order.

• Believed people were naturally selfish.

• To bring order strict laws and harsh punishments were needed. Rulers should trust no one, not even their own family.

• This had an immediate influence on government.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following philosophies DID NOT develop in China?

• Legalism

• Daoism

• Buddhism

• Confucianism

Multiple Choice

Confucius' ideas were put into a book called....

• The Analects
• The Quran
• The Bible
• The Buddha

Multiple Choice

Confucius said people in ____________ must set a good example.

• authority
• jail
• love
• trouble

Multiple Choice

Finding a way to live in harmony with nature and find inner peace

• Confucianism
• Daoism

• Legalism

Multiple Choice

In Legalism citizens were ___ to disobey the government.

• Allowed
• Forbidden
• Trusted
• Assigned