4.5 Task 1 - Lesson 1

4.5 WRITING TASK 1
BIỂU ĐỒ XU HƯỚNG
NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ XU HƯỚNG
CẤU TRÚC CÂU MIÊU TẢ XU HƯỚNG

Xu hướng là gì?

Xu hướng là sự thay đổi của số liệu trong 1 khoảng thời gian.
Có nhiều loại xu hướng, bao gồm: tăng, giảm, thất thường và ổn định.
Các loại biểu đồ có yếu tố xu hướng bao gồm:
- Biểu đồ đường (line chart / line graph)
- Biểu đồ cột (bar chart)
- Biểu đồ bảng biểu (table)
- Biểu đồ tròn (pie chart)

​Biểu đồ đường

​Biểu đồ cột

​Biểu đồ bảng biểu

​Biểu đồ tròn

Multiple Select

Ngôn ngữ miêu tả xu hướng

Chọn các từ thể hiện xu hướng TĂNG

• increase

• decrease

• rise

• decline

Multiple Select

Ngôn ngữ miêu tả xu hướng

Chọn các từ thể hiện xu hướng GIẢM

• increase

• decrease

• rise

• decline

Multiple Select

Ngôn ngữ miêu tả xu hướng

Chọn các từ thể hiện xu hướng GIẢM

• go up

• fall

• go down

• grow

Multiple Select

Ngôn ngữ miêu tả xu hướng

Chọn các từ thể hiện xu hướng TĂNG

• go up

• fall

• go down

• grow

Multiple Select

Ngôn ngữ miêu tả xu hướng

Chọn các từ thể hiện xu hướng THẤT THƯỜNG

• fluctuate

• up and down

• hover

• decline

Multiple Select

Ngôn ngữ miêu tả xu hướng

Chọn các từ thể hiện xu hướng ỔN ĐỊNH

• stabilize

• level off

• hover

• rise

NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ XU HƯỚNG

CỤM TỪ MIÊU TẢ XU HƯỚNG ỔN ĐỊNH

• remain the same

• remain stable

• remain/stay unchanged

CỤM TỪ MIÊU TẢ XU HƯỚNG
ĐẠT ĐIỂM CAO/THẤP NHẤT

• Đạt điểm cao nhất: hit the highest point / reach a peak

• Đạt điểm thấp nhất: hit the lowest point / hit the bottom

Các danh từ miêu tả xu hướng

​Động từ	Danh từ ​
​to increase	an increase​
​to rise	a rise​
​to grow	growth​ [uncount.]
to climb	a climb
​to decrease	a decrease​
​to decline	a decline​
​to fall	a fall​
​to fluctuate	a fluctuation​
​to stabilize	stability [uncount.]​

​Reorder the words that describe trends in the following sentences.

1. The price of a color TV eddoppr significantly from 100,000 Yen in 1980 to just below 50,000 Yen in 2000.

2. In 1985, spending on boys' clothes was 90 dollars. After twenty years, this figure witnessed a slight icereasn to 100 dollars.

3. Significant thwgor from 500 dollars to 650 dollars was seen in the spending on women’s clothes from 1985 to 2005.

4. In 2005, this figure oers remarkably to around 650 dollars.

5. There was a small uuiotnlfact in petroleum production during the next three years, around 130 tonnes.

6. The price for a cup of coffee in Brisbane miaeernd ucngaedh over the period, at $2.25.

Multiple Choice

What kind of word form is the underlined word in this sentence, noun or verb?

Sweden produced 100 tonnes of petroleum in 1981, then increased its production to 130 in 1983.

• noun

• verb

Multiple Choice

What kind of word form is the underlined word in this sentence, noun or verb?

The period from 1989 to 1992 saw a slight decrease in petroleum production, from 99 to 97 tonnes.

• noun

• verb

Multiple Choice

What kind of word form is the underlined word in this sentence, noun or verb?

Petroleum's production witnessed a considerable fall from 130 to below 100 tonnes from 1987 to 1989.

• noun

• verb

Multiple Choice

What kind of word form is the underlined word in this sentence, noun or verb?

The spending on girls’ clothes rose moderately from $90 to about $150 between 1985 and 2005.

• noun

• verb

Từ vựng chỉ mức độ thay đổi

Tính từ và trạng từ

​witnessed/experienced/saw/undergo + a/an + ADJ + NOUN (trải qua/chứng kiến 1 sự thay đổi)
=> The figure witnessed/experienced/saw a dramatic fall.

​a + ADJ + NOUN	ADV + VERB / VERB + ADV
​a slight increase	slightly increase
a dramatic fall	fall dramatically
a sharp rise	sharply rise
a considerable decline	decline considerably

Rewrite the following sentences using the other way of describing trends.

Example: In 2010, it cost $2.80 for a coffee in Sydney. This price increased significantly to $3.17 four years later.
=> In 2010, it cost $2.80 for a coffee in Sydney. This price saw a significant increase to $3.17 four years later.

1. The price for a cup of coffee in Melbourne rose remarkably from $2.4 in 2010 to $2.9 in 2014.

2. The price for a cup of coffee in Brisbane remained unchanged over the period, at $2.25.

3. There was a moderate increase from 25% in 2002 to 32% in 2006 in the percentage of women who ate enough fruit and vegetables. In 2010, this number saw a marginal drop to 27%.

4. From 11% in 2002, the percentage of children who ate fruit and vegetables hit the highest point of 16% in 2006 before experiencing a slight decrease to 14% in 2010.

Fill in the Blank

1. The price for a cup of coffee in Melbourne rose remarkably from $2.4 in 2010 to $2.9 in 2014. (witness)

Fill in the Blank

2. The price for a cup of coffee in Brisbane remained unchanged over the period, at $2.25. (experience)

Các cấu trúc câu miêu tả xu hướng

The number of / cars that were produced in Italy / increased significantly / from 5 million to 12 million / over the period.

The percentage of / gold exported to other countries / decreased mildly / by 3.5% / from 2007 to 2009.

There was / a remarkable rise / from 5 million in 1999 to 12 million in 2002 / in the number of cars that were produced in Italy.

There was / a slight fall / of 3.5% / in the percentage of gold exported in Italy / from 2007 to 2009.

Các cấu trúc câu miêu tả xu hướng

The number of / cars that were produced in Italy / increased significantly / from 5 million to 12 million / between 1999 and 2002.

The number of / cars that were produced in Italy / was 5 million / in 1999. / After 3 years, / this figure / increased significantly (= experienced a significant increase) / to 12 million.

- số liệu là % => the percentage/proportion of + đối tượng
- số liệu có đơn vị khác => the number/amount of + đối tượng
- the number of + danh từ đếm được số nhiều (the number of cars)
- the amount of + danh từ không đếm được (the amount of oil)
- the figure FOR + đối tượng

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence below.

The ..................... of students from China decreased slightly from 182,325 in 2019 to just over 167,000 in 2020.

• amount

• number

• figure

• numbers

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence below.

The number ........... students from India witnessed a slight increase from around 92,000 in 2019 to just over 108,000 one year later.

• of

• for

• about

• in

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence below.

The number of international students from Nepal .............. 46,382 in 2019, before rising to 50,252 in 2020.

• were

• is

• was

• are

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence below.

............................................................. witnessed a marginal increase to 23,268 in 2020.

• A number of students in Vietnam

• Students in Vietnam

• Vietnam

• The number of students in Vietnam

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence below.

The number of students from Brazil experienced a ........................ decrease from 22,859 in 2019 to 21,086 in 2020.

• slight

• dramatic

• dramatically

• slightly

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence below.

There were 21,736 international students who were from Malaysia in 2019. This figure ...................................................... to 19,564 in 2010.

• decrease marginally

• marginal decrease

• decreased marginal

• decreased marginally

• Đối tượng (con người, thông tin chính)

• Tiêu chí (phần chú thích, phân loại)

• Số liệu

• Thời gian

• Xu hướng

​Các yếu tố trong biểu đồ

• Đối tượng: volunteers

• Tiêu chí: environmental sector, sport sector, educational sector, art sector, health care sector, others sector

• Thời gian: in 2008 and 2014

• Đối tượng (con người, thông tin chính)

• Tiêu chí (phần chú thích, phân loại)

• Số liệu

• Thời gian

• Xu hướng

​Các yếu tố trong biểu đồ

• Đối tượng: international students

• Tiêu chí: China, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Brazil, Malaysia

• Thời gian: in 2019 and 2020

• Đối tượng (con người, thông tin chính)

• Tiêu chí (phần chú thích, phân loại)

• Số liệu

• Thời gian

• Xu hướng

​Các yếu tố trong biểu đồ

• Đối tượng: fiber demand

• Tiêu chí: polyester, cotton, cellulosic, wool

• Thời gian: from 1980 to 2015

• Đối tượng (con người, thông tin chính)

• Tiêu chí (phần chú thích, phân loại)

• Số liệu

• Thời gian

• Xu hướng

​Các yếu tố trong biểu đồ

• Đối tượng: fruit production

• Tiêu chí: Spain, Turkey, France, Germany

• Thời gian: from 1970 to 2010

Vocabulary for writing sentences exercise on page 9, in the textbook:
1. the percentage of volunteers (=the proportion of volunteers)
2. the figure for volunteers
3. accounted for + number: chiếm + số liệu
VD: The figure for volunteers in the art sector accounted for 18% in 2008, which declined remarkably to 12% in 2014.
4. in the + tiêu chí + sector
VD: The percentage of volunteers in the sport sector grew noticeably from 15% in 2008 to 25% in 2014.
5. the percentage of volunteers who worked in the ... sector
VD: The percentage of volunteers who worked in the sport sector grew noticeably from 15% in 2008 to 25% in 2014.