Mitosis and Cell Differentiation

Mitosis and Cell Differentiation

1. Describe why and how your cells need to divide.
2. Describe how cells become specialized.

Mitosis - divides the DNA in the nucleus once

• Makes 2 diploid cells

• Daughter cells have identical DNA

• Daughter cells' DNA is the same as parent cell DNA (they are clones)

• Type of cells made: body cells (somatic cells), cheek, muscle, nerve, blood, hair, bone, skin

• Reasons for making cells by mitosis:

  - grow - replace old cells - heal - replace damaged cells

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Open Ended

Give two reasons why your body needs to make new cells.

Human cells have 46 chromosomes

Parent cells have mitosis daughter cells have
46 chromosomes ---------> 46 chromosomes



I P M A T C
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

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Multiple Choice

How does the chromosome number of the parent cell compare to the chromosome number of the daughter cell made during mitosis?

• same number

• different number

Multiple Choice

How do the chromosomes in a parent cell compare to the chromosomes in a daughter cell made during mitosis?  

• Identical

• Not identical

Cell Differentiation Summary

• Body cells in the same organism have the same DNA (same chromosomes/same genes)

• Cell Differentiation:

  • is the process by which cells become specialized (muscle cell vs. nerve cell vs. skin cell)

  • Different genes are turned on/off in different cell types

• Specialized cells:

  • are cells with different jobs but the same DNA

  • Cells continue to turn off and on different genes to do the different jobs

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M13A

Mitosis Cell Cycle Notes

Interphase
- DNA is in the form of chromatin
- Nucleus has a complete nuclear membrane
- Cell grows
- Cell does normal life functions
- DNA Replication makes 2 copies of DNA for new cells

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Mitosis Cell Cycle Notes

Prophase
- DNA is packaged into chromosomes
- Nuclear membrane breaks apart
- Spindle fibers form and attach to chromosomes
- centrioles move towards opposite poles

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Mitosis Cell Cycle Notes

Metaphase
- Chromosomes form a single line in the middle of the cell

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Mitosis Cell Cycle Notes

Anaphase
- spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart and toward opposite sides of cell

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Mitosis Cell Cycle Notes

Telophase
- Two nuclei form; nuclear membrane reforms around DNA
- Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin
- Spindle fibers break apart

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Mitosis Cell Cycle Notes

Cytokinesis
- Cell membrane pinches in to break cell into two cells
- Cytoplasm divides

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Multiple Choice

What is the cell cycle?

• It describes the death of a cell.

• It describes the life cycle of a cell.

• It shows how proteins are made

• It describes how the cell makes energy.

Word Cloud

What one word summarizes/sticks out the most from the notes we just took?