Evidence of Evolution & Phylogeny

Multiple Choice

According to this image, which two domains of life are most related?

• Bacteria & Archaea

• Archaea & Eukarya

• Eukarya & Bacteria

Multiple Choice

According to this phylogenetic tree, which creature is the least related out of all pictured?

• Fish

• Frog

• Salamander

• Human

Multiple Choice

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

• Saurischian dinosaurs

• Ornithischian dinosaurs

• Crocodiles

• None of these are related to birds

Multiple Choice

What number is the common ancestor of C and D

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

From the picture above, What do the species all have in common?

• Back bone

• Same father

• Common ancestor

• Feathers

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms are LEAST closely related?

• organisms that share a domain
• organisms that share a family 
• organisms that share a genus 
• organisms that share a species 

Multiple Choice

Who is the closest relative to the brown bear?

• Giant panda

• Dog

• Lesser panda

• Sun bear

Multiple Choice

An inheritable characteristic that gives a survival advantage to the organism

• speciation
• adaption
• rapid speciation
• derived character

Multiple Choice

Who is the ancestral group of this phylogenetic tree.?

• Carnivore

• Felidae

• Mustelidae

• Canidae

Multiple Choice

Which trait (adaptation) was developed most recently?

• tetrapod limbs

• feathers

• amnion

• They developed at the same time

Multiple Choice

This diagram shows a phylogenetic tree of six species based on amino acid similarities.

Which two species are the least closely related?

• V and VI

• III and IV

• I and VI

• II and III

Multiple Choice

A scientist sees the organism shown to the right in an aquarium and uses a key to help classify the species.Based on the key what species did the scientist observe?

• Aulostomus

• Gymnothorax

• Bothus

• Aetobatus

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of using a dichotomous key?

• to identify organism

• to determine the evolutionary relationship between two organisms

• to locate the environment for each species

• to create a new kingdom

Multiple Choice

Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development

• natural selection
• embryology
• speciation
• evolution

Multiple Choice

Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as

• vestigial structures
• analogous structures
• homologous structures
• fossil structures

Multiple Choice

How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?

• Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
• Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
• Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
• Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time

Multiple Choice

The diagram illustrates an embryonic stage of two organisms.

Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram

• The organisms share a common ancestry.
• The organisms belong to the same genus.
• The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
• The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.

Multiple Choice

Vestigial structures

• structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin

• remnants of once-important structures that have slowly lost all or most of their function

• features found in different organisms that share structural similarities but may have very different functions

• preserved remains of an organism

Multiple Choice

Which layer is the youngest

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

The picture shows a/an ___________

• homologous structure

• vestigial structure

Multiple Choice

What is this an example of?

• Homologous structure

• Analogous structure

• Vestigial organs

• Functional adaption

Multiple Choice

According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 

• Species I
• Species II
• Species III
• Species IV

Multiple Choice

Scientists are studying a particular protein found in blood cells. Based on this, which animals are most closely related?

Dog: ARG - LYS - HIS - TYR

Rabbit: ARG - LYS - TYR - TYR

Elk: ARG - PRO - TYR - ARG

• Dog & Rabbit

• Rabbit & Elk

• Dog & Elk

Multiple Choice

Which genetic material is pictured?

• DNA

• RNA

Multiple Choice

Which genetic material is pictured?

• DNA

• RNA

Multiple Choice

Mutations are important because they bring about

• death of the organism in which they develop

• genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

• benefits for the individual, not for the population

• Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population

Multiple Choice

In 1861 paleontologists announced that they had found a fossil with feathers, now known as,

Archaeopteryx, which lived approximately 150 million years ago. When comparing

Archaeopteryx to other small dinosaurs and modern-day birds, the paleontologists learned that

Archaeopteryx had more in common with dinosaurs. The Archaeopteryx were small and had

broad wings which likely gave them the ability to fly or glide. How can the Archaeopteryx fossils

be used to support the theory of evolution?

• They can demonstrate that animals from long ago are still alive today.

• They show how organisms today share characteristics with fossilized species.

• They give evidence to support the idea that organisms inherit the best traits from their

  parents.

• They indicate that evolution is a theory because scientists do not completely understand

  the fossil record.

Multiple Choice

Which scientist visited the Galapagos Islands, observed traits in finches, and came up with the theory of natural selection?

• Alfred Russell Wallace

• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

• Carolus Linnaeus

• Charles Darwin

Multiple Choice

The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as --

• gradualism.

• speciation.

• punctuated equilibrium.

• microevolution.

Multiple Choice

The formation of a new species is a process known as ___________________, which is typically the result of divergence.

• microevolution

• gradualism

• punctuated equilibrium

• speciation