Final EOC review (genetics, evolution and ecology)

Most Missed Do NOW Questions

Multiple Choice

Which list includes only biotic factors that would effect a population of deer living in a local forest?

Open Ended

Why is this the correct answer?

Drag and Drop

Put the levels of organization in order based on the picture shown

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Ecosystem

Community

Population

Organism

Multiple Select

An organism that makes their own food can be called

• Producer

• Autotroph

• Omnivore

• Carnivore

• Hetertroph

Multiple Choice

What is the smallest level of organization?

• Cell

• Population

• Organism

• Tissue

Multiple Choice

Scientists use predictive modeling of population numbers to estimate how a given animal population will react to environmental changes, predator influences, and other biotic and abiotic factors. The graph represents a simulation based on population trends between the snowshoe hare and lynx. Which prediction by year 30 is supported by the data?

• The lynx population will increase before the snowshoe hare population increases

• The lynx population will decrease while the snowshoe hare population stabilizes

• The lynx population will decrease until the snowshoe hare population increases

• The lynx population will will stabilize while the snowshoe hare population increases.

Multiple Choice

This graph is example of (a/an)

• predator-prey relationship

• competition for resources

• parasite- host relationship

• abiotic factors effecting populations

Multiple Choice

What part of the carbon cycle is represented by the letter "X"?

• Decomposition

• Denitrification

• Fossil Fuel Combustion

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which phrase accurately completes the flow chart

• increased production of glucose

• increased release of carbon dioxide

• increase intake of oxygen

• increased concentration of ATP

Multiple Choice

Which other process that is important in the recycling of carbon should be added to the list?

• Transpiration

• Evaporation

• Combustion
• Denitrification

Labelling

Label all the bubbles except the one above the sun and the one under the plant/next to the brown arrow. Not all answers will be used.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Denitrification

Animal Respiration

Nitrogen Fixation

Decomposition

Fossils/Fossil Fuels

Photosynthesis

Plant Respiration

Combustion

Ammonification

Multiple Choice

What would be an immediate, direct consequence of the extinction of nitrogen- fixing bacteria?

• a decrease in the level of nitrogen in the atmosphere

• a decrease in the absorption of nitrogen compounds by plants

• an increase in the nitrogen wastes found in the soil

• an increase in the levels of atmospheric nitrogen stored by plants.

Labelling

Label the various processes of the nitrogen cycle

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Nitrification

Assimilation

Atmospheric Nitrogen

Denitrification

Nitrogen fixation

Ammonification

Multiple Choice

Which process directly reduces water levels in plants?

• Condensation

• Precipitation

• Runoff

• Transpiration

Multiple Choice

The evaporation of water from plants

• Condensation
• Perspiration
• Transpiration
• Precipitation

Labelling

Label the water cycle

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

transpiration

condensation

evaporation

precipitation

Percolation

Multiple Choice

In the food chain

rosebush --> aphid --> beetle --> toad --> snake

Which statement accurately describes the toad

• Carnivorous, heterotrophic, tertiary consumer

• Herbivorous, autotrophic, secondary consumer

• Herbivorous, autotrophic, primary consumer

• Carnivorous, heterotrophic, secondary consumer

Multiple Choice

Which organism is the herbivore

• Grass

• Mouse

• Cricket

• Snake

• Eagle

Multiple Choice

Which organism is an autotroph

• Grass

• Mouse

• Cricket

• Snake

• Eagle

Multiple Choice

If the caterpillar population were to decrease suddenly due to a disease which organism would need to find a new energy source?

• Grass

• Hawk

• Mouse

• Sparrow

Multiple Select

Which animals would be effected if the mouse disappeared from the ecosystem?

• Hawk

• Rabbits
• Snakes

• Owls

• Fox

Multiple Choice

What type of growth pattern is this

• Stabilizing selectin

• logistic growth

• exponential growth

• disruptive selection

Multiple Choice

What role does bacteria play in the food chain?

• They help recycle nutrients in the food chain

• They trap sunlight to produce food that is used by other organisms

• They are the top consumer that feeds on all other organisms of the food chain

• They release oxygen during metabolic processes that is used by other organisms

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the population represented by each graph?

• Graph A shows a population with unlimited resources, and graph B shows a population with limited resources

• Graph A shows a population with limited resources, and graph B shows a population with unlimited resources

• Graph A shows a population that lacks water, and graph B shows a population that lacks food.

• Graph A shows a population that lacks food, and graph B shows a population that lacks water.

Multiple Choice

What is carrying capacity

• The maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely.
• The minimum population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely.
• The total number of individuals in a species.
• The average population size of a species in a given area.

Labelling

If the producers have 1,000 kJ of energy label the amount available for each of the consumers

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

50

5 kJ

1 kJ

500 kJ

100 kJ

10 kJ

Multiple Choice

What is a homologous structure?

• Homologous structures are unrelated structures found in different species.
• Homologous structures are structures that evolved independently in different species.
• Homologous structures are structures that have no similarities between species.
• Homologous structures are similar structures found in different species that share a common ancestor.

Multiple Choice

Which statement most accurately explains the relationship between African elephant and other animals

• It is more closely related to the West Indian manatee than it is to the West African Manatee

• It is more closely related to the Mammoth than it is to the Dugong

• It is a distant ancestor of a cross between the Mammoth and the Mastodon.

• It is not related to the Steller's sea cor or to the Brazilian manatee

Multiple Choice

Which animals are most closely related?

• tortoise and horse

• horse and cat

• wolf and cat

• tortoise and cat

Multiple Choice

What characteristic separates the leopard and the house cat?

• purring

• retractable claws

• carnivorous

• hair

Multiple Choice

What characteristic do the leopard and the house cat shar that the others do not?

• purring

• retractable claws

• carnivorous

• hair

Multiple Choice

What is the outgroup in this cladogram?

• horse

• tortoise

• leopard

• cat

Multiple Choice

Which evolved first?

Drag and Drop

When in doubt the ​

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organism evolved first.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

simplest

complex

intermediate

Multiple Choice

Which method provides the most accurate methods for scientists in determining evolutionary relationships between 2 species of animals?

• comparing genetic sequences in animals using samples of DNA

• identifying fossil patterns in rock strata where animals live

• looking for similar vestigial structures in both species of animals

• looking for similarities in the coloration and eating habits of the animals.

Drag and Drop

When in doubt ​

Placeholder

is the most accurate way to tell if two things are related.​ ​

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

genetics

fossils

rock strata

physical structures

Multiple Choice

Identify Rock C

• Obsidian

• Slate

• Conglomerate

• Granite

Multiple Choice

Identify Rock A

• Obsidian

• Slate

• Conglomerate

• Granite

Multiple Choice

In Hereford cattle, one gene determines whether or not a cow sill have horns. The allele that produces horns in recessive (h) and the allele that results in no horns is dominant (H). If two heterozygous cows mate, what are the predicted phenotypes of their offspring?

• 0% horns

  100% no horns

• 25% horns

  75% no horns

• 75% horns

  25% no horns

• 100% horns

  0% no horns

Multiple Choice

In Hereford cattle, one gene determines whether or not a cow sill have horns. The allele that produces horns in recessive (h) and the allele that results in no horns is dominant (H). If a horned cow mates with a heterozygous no horns cow, what are the predicted phenotypes of their offspring?

• 0% horns

  100% no horns

• 50% horns

  50% no horns

• 75% horns

  25% no horns

• 100% horns

  0% no horns

Multiple Choice

In a certain species of rabbit, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b) and long ears (L) are dominant over short ears (l).

The partial results of a dihybrid cross between two rabbits are shown in the Punnett square.

Which description accurately represents the 2 parents?

• Parent 1- heterozygous for fur color and homozygus recessive for ear length.

  Parent 2- homozygous dominant for fur color and homozygus recessive for ear length.

• Parent 1- homozygous dominant for fur color and heterozygous for ear length.

  Parent 2- homozygous dominant for fur color and homozygus recessive for ear length.

• Parent 1- homozygous dominant for fur color and heterozygous for ear length.

  Parent 2- homozygous recessive for fur color and homozygus recessive for ear length.

• Parent 1- homozygous recessive for fur color and heterozygous for ear length.

  Parent 2- heterozygous for fur color and homozygus dominant for ear length.

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true regarding the transmission of sex linked traits in a population?

• Males cannot carry recessive alleles for sex linked traits.

• Males cannot express dominant alleles on the X chromosome

• Males cannot expresses recessive alleles on the X chromsome

• Males cannot pass alleles for sex-linked traits onto their daughters.

Dropdown

Rule for X- linked recessive traits:

1. They effect more ​

Select answer

2. Males ​

Select answer

carry a recessive X-linked disease because they have ​

Select answer

X chromosome (s).

3. In order for a daughter to have an X- linked recessive disease her father ​

Select answer

show the disease.

Multiple Choice

Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive genetic disorder in humans. The genes associated with the disorder are found on the X chromosome. Females carrying a defective allele on one X chromosomes are carriers while males with a similar condition are hemophiliacs. Which genotypes are possible for the parents of a hemophilic female?

• Male parent- X^HY

  Female Parent- X^HX^h

• Male parent- X^hY

  Female Parent- X^HX^H

• Male parent- X^HY

  Female Parent- X^hX^h

• Male parent- X^hY

  Female Parent- X^HX^h

Multiple Choice

In Shorthorn cattle, when a cow with a solid red coat mates with a cow with a solid white coat, they always produce offspring with roan (both red and white) coat color. This is an example of what type of inheritance pattern?

• Codominance

• Incomplete Dominance

• Multiple Allele

• Sex-linked

Multiple Choice

What will the expected outcome for blood type among children born to parents according to this cross?

• 0% type A

  50% type AB, 0% type B,

  50% type O

• 25% type A

  25% type AB, 25% type B,

  25% type O

• 25% type A

  50% type AB, 25% type B,

  0% type O

• 50% type A

  0% type AB, 50% type B,

  0% type O

Multiple Choice

What is the inheritance patterns shown in both figures?

• Figure 1- Codominance

  Figure 2- Incomplete dominance

• Figure 1- Incomplete dominance

  Figure 2- Codominance

• Figure 1- Complete dominance

  Figure 2- Incomplete dominance

• Figure 1- Incomplete dominance

  Figure 2- Complete dominance

Multiple Choice

In the snapdragon plant, flower colors red (R) and white (r) show incomplete dominance and result in pink flowers (Rr). A homozygous read-flowered snapdragon plant is crossed with a homozygous white- flowered plant.

What percentage of the offspring produced by this cross would be predicted to have red flowers?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Multiple Choice

What is the inheritance pattern of feather color in the two types of chicken?

• Andalusian- Codominance

  Erminette- Incomplete Dominance

• Andalusian- Incomplete dominance

  Erminette- Codominance

• Andalusian- Polygenetic

  Erminette- Complete Dominance

• Andalusian- Complete dominance

  Erminette- Incomplete Dominance

Multiple Choice

When the heterozygote expresses the dominant trait that is called?

• Complete dominance
• Recessive trait
• Codominance
• Incomplete dominance

Multiple Choice

Black with white spots would be an example of what type of gene expression?

• Complete Dominance

• Recessive Trait

• Codominance

• Incomplete Dominance

Multiple Choice

What is the probability that the offspring of IV-3 and IV-4 will have the trait.

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Multiple Choice

What is the genotype of individual II-4

• Ee

• EE

• Ee

• unknown

Multiple Choice

By which pattern is the trait shown in the pedigree most likely inherited?

• Dominant

• Recessive

• X-linked

• Y-linked

Multiple Select

Dominant traits

• Cannot skip a genertion

• Can skip a gneration

• a child must have a parent with the disease

• parents can have a child with the disease even if they do not have the disease

Multiple Choice

Suri performed an experiment to determine PTC tasters in her family. The data obtained through the experiment is notes in the table. Based on the data, she constructed a pedigree chart for the same trait.

Which statement is supported by the data obtained through the experiment and pedigree analysis?

• The ability to taste is a sex-linked recessive trait

• The ability to taste is an autosomal recessive trait

• The ability to taste is autosomal dominant

• The ability to taste is sex-linked dominant

Multiple Select

Autosomal traits are those traits carried on

• body chromosomes

• sex chromosomes

• 44 of the 46 chromosomes

• all 46 chromosomes

Multiple Choice

Why are females less likely to show the symptoms that characterize this genetic disorder?

• DMD is an autosomal dominant disease and females receive only one gene from one parent.

• DMD is an Y-linked disease and females do not have a Y chromosome.

• DMD is an X-linked recessive disease so females need to inherit the recessive gene from both parents.

• DMD is an autosomal recessive disease and females need to inherit the recessive gene from both parents.

Multiple Choice

By observing the pedigree, a student predicts that the disease has a recessive sex-inked inheritance pattern. What information from the pedigree helps the student make the prediction?

• The 2 females in the second generation are carriers of the trait.

• The trait is not inherited nor is it expressed by any female offspring.

• Affected offspring are present in all generations.

• Affected offspring include both male and female.

RECOMBINANT DNA

 Cell with DNA from another source

 Bacteria used to produce human

insulin

 Human gene inserted into bacterial

plasmid

RECOMBINANT DNA

Insulin for Diabetes

Multiple Choice

Genetic engineers use plasmids. A plasmid is

• A map of a gene

• A cell that is not yet specialized

• A small circular piece of DNA

• An enzyme that can cut DNA into pieces

Multiple Choice

Scientists created a new variety of bacteria by inserting the gene for human insulin production into their genome. The insulin produced by this modified bacteria regulates blood sugar in people with type 1 diabetes. The insulin produced by the bacteria causes no allergic reactions compared to the insulin extracted from mammals.

What does this process demonstrate?

• the evolution of anew bacterial species

• the advantage of transgenic microbes in medicine

• the threat of certain species of bacteria in medicine

• the negative impact of transgenic microbes on society

Multiple Choice

How does this technology benefit humans?

• Scientists can use this process to produce and harvest the insulin protein from bacteria to treat patients with diabetes.

• Scientists can produce large amounts of bacteria from this process to be used in researching the effects of pharmaceutical drugs.

• Scientists can use this process to create bacteria that produce new human chromosomes for individuals with defective chromosomes.

• Scientists can combine the genetic information of humans and bacteria from this process to create a vaccine that prevents all bacterial infections.

Multiple Choice

Genetic engineers use plasmids. A plasmid is

• A map of a gene

• A cell that is not yet specialized

• A small circular piece of DNA

• An enzyme that can cut DNA into pieces

Multiple Choice

What are the possible genotypes of a person with type A blood?

I. IAIA

II. IAIB

III. IAi

• III. only

• I. and II.

• I. and III.

• I., II. and III.

Multiple Choice

Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

• DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.

• Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.

• The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

• The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

PEDIGREE

 Similar to a family tree

 Shows pattern of

inheritance of a specific
trait through a family

Multiple Choice

A team of scientists splices a human gene into bacterial plasmids. The human gene codes for insulin. Then the scientists use the plasmids to transform bacteria. Their goal is to develop bacteria that will synthesize insulin.

How is it useful for the plasmids to also contain genes for antibiotic resistance?

• The genes for antibiotic resistance increase the rate that bacteria take up the plasmids

• The genes for antibiotic resistance act as genetic markers for identifying the transformed bacteria.

• The genes for antibiotic resistance help activate the gene for insulin.

• The genes for antibiotic resistance help the transformed bacteria survive in their environment.  

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the process of making recombinant DNA and using it to transform a bacterial cell. The recombinant DNA is made by inserting a human gene into a bacterial plasmid. Note that the plasmid contains several genes for antibiotic resistance, including ampr, tetr, and ori.

Which is the most likely purpose of the transgenic bacteria that are engineered by this process?

• developing new drugs to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria

• removing traits of antibiotic resistance from bacteria populations

• using bacteria to produce large quantities of a human protein, such as growth hormone

• No, because each chromosome contains the same three genes.

Multiple Choice

In this procedure, what is the function of the structure labeled ecoRI?

• It is a restriction enzyme that reduces the activity of the plasmid.

• It is a restriction enzyme that cuts both the plasmid and human DNA.

• It is a genetic marker that allows for the selection of transformed bacteria.

• It is a genetic marker that allows for the human gene to be isolated.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

 Scientists can also use restriction enzymes to cut

DNA at multiple sequences and then “run” them
in a process called gel electrophoresis.

 This process allows scientists to separate

sequences of DNA based on size. Small sequences are faster and will go further down the gel than larger ones.

 In the real world, scientists use this to identify

people based on their DNA (paternity tests and
crime scenes).

GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS

 DNA is loaded in a gel and electric current run through.

 The DNA goes to the postive end which is the end opposite the wells

Because DNA is - it is attracted to + electrode

DNA FINGERPRINTING

Gel Electrophoresis

Multiple Choice

Based on the results of the gel electrophoresis , which lane represents the DNA of the birth mother of the puppy?

• P

• Q

• R

• S

Multiple Choice

What can be concluded by studying the diagram

• The son is carrier of the genetic disorder

• The mother does not have the genetic disorder

• The daughter has the genetic disorder

• The father has the genetic disorder.

Multiple Choice

The first column is the mothers DNA fingerprint, the second column is the childs DNA fingerprint. Who is the father?

• 1

• 2

• 3

Multiple Choice

Two individuals each donated a DNA sample for DNA fingerprinting. The diagram shows the same section of the same chromosome from each sample.

In the process of DNA fingerprinting, restriction enzymes were used to cut the DNA into fragments. Each fragment contains either a gene or a section of noncoding repeated sequences between two genes. Then gel electrophoresis was used to separate the fragments.

Suppose the techniques of DNA fingerprinting were applied only to the sections of the chromosomes shown in the diagram. Would the techniques be useful for distinguishing the two samples? Why or why not?

• Yes, because the techniques identify the locations of genes on chromosomes.

• Yes, because the techniques separate DNA fragments by size.

• No, because the three genes have identical nucleotide sequences.

• No, because each chromosome contains the same three genes.

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

 Sequencing of human DNA

 Being used to develop gene

therapies

Multiple Choice

What is a possible application of the knowledge gained by the Human Genome Project?

• elimination of all diseases

• targeted gene therapy t correct a genetic disorder

• creating human life from a mix of nucleotides

• having people live twice as long

Multiple Choice

Which would be a benefit of a genetically engineered crop?

• lower sun tolerance

• increased insect resistance

• decreased insect resistance

• increased water dependency

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not an advantage of genetically engineered crop plants?

• They can produce their own pesticides

• They grow larger than unmodified crops

• They cannot cause allergic reactions

• a male dachshund with a much larger female dog, such as a Great Dane

Multiple Choice

In a class discussion about genetically modified (GM) foods, Jan claims that these foods are safe to eat. She cites scientific studies that compare GM and non-GM foods. The studies provide evidence that the GM foods have no effect on human health.

Which of the following statements provides the strongest argument AGAINST Jan's claim?

• GM foods are relatively new, so their long-term effects cannot be evaluated yet.

• GM plants incorporate genes from bacteria or other organisms.

• Scientists have yet to sequence the complete genome of most GM plants.

• a common set of locations of genes on the DNA molecule

TRANSGENIC
ORGANISM

 An organism with a

gene from another
source

 used to improve food

supply, research, and
healthcare

CLONE

 An organism made from one cell of

another organism

 A genetically identical copy

Multiple Choice

Dog breeders often use the technique of inbreeding. Choosing which of these mating pairs of dogs is an example of inbreeding?

• a male poodle and a female poodle, each with similar traits

• a male poodle and a female collie that are about the same size, but differ in other traits

• a male poodle and a female dachshund that have similar personalities, but differ in other traits

• a male dachshund with a much larger female dog, such as a Great Dane

Multiple Choice

Luther Burbank bred potatoes that combined a variety of useful traits. One of Burbank's breeding techniques was hybridization. Which cross of potato plants would have been MOST USEFUL for producing a useful strain by hybridization?

• a. a disease-resistant plant crossed with a plant that is not disease resistant

• a plant that is not disease resistant crossed with a plant that produces a low volume of food

• a disease-resistant plant crossed with a plant that produced a low volume of food

• a disease-resistant plant crossed with a plant that produced a high volume of food

Multiple Choice

In many techniques of genetic engineering, a gene from one species is transferred to another species. When the techniques succeed, the gene is functional in its new genome.

Which are the properties, shared by all or nearly all species, that allow these techniques to be successful? Select all of the answers that apply.

• a common use of RNA for carrying genetic information  

• a common molecular structure of the DNA molecule

• a common genetic code for translating genetic information into proteins

• a common set of locations of genes on the DNA molecule