Module 2_Shelly C

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

1

1

Discovering
Computers: Digital
Technology, Data,
and Devices, 17e

Module 2: The Internet:

Connecting and
Communicating Online

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

3

Module Objectives

By the end of the module, you should be able to:
•Discuss the evolution of the Internet

•Describe how to use the web

•Identify techniques for connecting to the Internet

•Explain various online activities and services

•Identify considerations for staying safe online

•Discuss ways to use social networks

•Describe how to conduct and evaluate online searches

•Identify considerations for using online content

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

4

The Internet Evolution (1 of 4)

•

The web, originally known as the world wide web, is a service consisting of websites located on computers around the world, connected through the Internet.

•

The internet is a global collection of millions of computers linked together to share
information.

•

Each of the networks on the Internet provides resources that add to the abundance
of goods, services, and information accessible via the Internet.

Figure 2-1 People around the world use the Internet in daily activities such as viewing media, communicating with others, and accessing information.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

5

The Internet Evolution (2 of 4)

•

The Internet has its roots in a networking project started by the
Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), an agency of the
U.S. Department of Defense. ARPA’s goal was to build a network that:

(1) enabled scientists in various physical locations to share
information

(2) can function even if part of the network was disabled or destroyed
by a disaster, such as a nuclear attack

•

The original ARPANET consisted of four main computers, one each
located at the University of California in Los Angeles, the University of
California in Santa Barbara, the Stanford Research Institute, and the
University of Utah. Each of these computers served as a host on the
network.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

6

The Internet Evolution (3 of 4)

• Bandwidth is a common term used to describe the capacity of a

communications channel.

• Net neutrality is the concept that one website has the same value or

priority as other websites, resulting in equal, unrestricted access to
each site.

• Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that sells Internet access

who must provide the same level of service to all websites, regardless
of content or purpose.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

7

The Internet Evolution (4 of 4)

Figure 2-2 ARPANET network map from 1974.

Multiple Choice

A company that provides services for accessing the Internet is called
a(n) ________.

• Network service package

• Network service seller

• Internet service seller

• Internet service provider

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

10

Using the World Wide Web

(1 of 11)

•

A web page is a specially formatted document that can contain text, graphics,
sound, video, and links to other web pages. The content of most web pages is
designed to make them visually appealing and easy to find.

•

Web pages are either static or dynamic. When you visit a static web page, you see
the same content each time.

•

With a dynamic web page, by contrast, the content of the web page is regenerated
each time you display it. Dynamic web pages may contain customized content,
such as the current date and time of day, desired stock quotes, weather for a
region, or ticket availability for flights.

•

Hyperlinks, often shortened to links, are words or graphics you can click to display
a web page or other resources on the Internet, such as a file.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

11

Using the World Wide Web

(2 of 11)

Figure 2-3 Web page

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

12

Using the World Wide Web

(3 of 11)

•

A collection of related webpages (often shortened to "pages”) and associated items,
such as documents and photos, stored on a webserver makes up a website.

•

A webserver is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or
mobile device. The same webserver can store multiple websites.

•

Responsive web design adapts the layout of the website to fit the screen on which
it is being displayed. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of codes that
developers use to specify the headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other content
elements that a web page contains.

•

HTML is one of the core technologies for developing web pages, along with CSS
(cascading style sheets). HTML specifies a web page’s layout. CSS is used to specify
the content’s design and appearance.

Multiple Choice

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of text that
developers use to specify the headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other content
elements that a web page contains.

• True

• False

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

13

Using the World Wide Web

(4 of 11)

Figure 2-4 HTML code.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

14

Using the World Wide Web

(5 of 11)

Table 2-1 Popular Browsers

Apple Safari

Preinstalled on Apple computers and devices, Safari has been the default browser for macOS since 2003 and is relatively new to Windows. The browser has built-in sharing
with online social networks, fast performance, parental controls, and ease of use.

Google Chrome

Google’s Chrome was first released in 2008. This free browser is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux, and it must be downloaded and installed. Chrome has independent tabbed browsing; if there is a problem is one tab, the other tabs continue to function normally.

Microsoft Edge

Edge is a Microsoft browser included in the Windows operating system. It is the default browser for Windows on most devices and is not compatible with prior versions of Windows. Features include integration with Cortana and OneDrive, along with annotation and reading.

Mozilla Firefox

Developed by the Mozilla Corporation for Windows, macOS, and Linux, Firefox is known for its extensive array of plug-ins (discussed later in the module). This free browser was first released in 2004 and must be downloaded and installed. It has enhanced privacy and security features, a spelling checker, tabbed browsing, and a password manager.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

15

Using the World Wide Web

(6 of 11)

• Websites often use cookies, which are small text files generated by a

web server to store information, such as items you view or purchase
on an e-commerce site.

• The browser also keeps track of pages you have viewed in sequence

by tracking breadcrumbs—the path you followed to display a web
page.

• The navigation bar in a browser includes buttons, such as Back and

Forward, that you can use to revisit web pages along the breadcrumb
path.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

16

Using the World Wide Web

(7 of 11)

•

A browser displays the URL for the current web page in its address bar, the part of a browser window that displays the location of the current web page.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

17

Using the World Wide Web

(8 of 11)

Figure 2-6 Parts of a URL

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

18

Using the World Wide Web

(9 of 11)

An IP address is a unique number that consists of four sets of numbers from 0 to 255
separated by periods, or dots, as in 69.32.132.255. The Internet uses two IP addressing
schemes: IPv4 and IPv6.

Figure 2-5 The IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with the domain name, for Google’s website.

Multiple Choice

An IP address is a unique number that consists of four sets of numbers from 0 to 255
separated by periods, or dots.

• True

• False

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

19

Using the World Wide Web

(11 of 11)

• The domain name system (DNS) is the method that the Internet uses

to store domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.

• When you enter a domain name (i.e., google.com) in a browser, a DNS

server translates the domain name to its associated IP address so that
the request can be routed to the correct computer.

• A DNS server is a server on the Internet that usually is associated with

an ISP.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

21

How To: Connect to the Internet (1 of 5)

•

A hot spot is a wireless network device that provides Internet
connections to mobile computers and devices.

•

A mobile hot spot enables you to connect a phone, computer, or
other device to the Internet through the cellular network.

Figure 2-8 Verizon mobile hot spot

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

22

How To: Connect to the Internet (2 of 5)

• Various types of cellular networks, including 4G and 5G, are

available.

• 4G (fourth generation) cellular networks can provide Internet

services in most locations where cellular service is offered.

• 5G networks provide higher-speed data transmission, making them

more appealing to those requiring access to high-bandwidth content.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

23

How To: Connect to the Internet (3 of 5)

Figure 2-9 How a cellular network might work.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

24

How To: Connect to the Internet (4 of 5)

• Wireless networks that are available in

public places, such as hotels, restaurants,
and coffee shops, are known
as Wi-Fi networks.

• Mobile hot spot: Many smartphones

contain mobile hot spot functionality,
although cellular service providers may
charge an extra fee to use it, and any data
transmitted or received through the hot
spot will be added to your overall data usage.

FIGURE 2-10 Available
wireless networks

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

25

How To Connect to the Internet (5 of 5)

•

Tethering transforms a smartphone or Internet-capable tablet into a
portable communications device that shares its Internet access with
other computers and devices wirelessly.

Figure 2-11 Netgear wireless access point

Fill in the Blank

Tethering transforms a smartphone or Internet-capable tablet into a portable communications device that shares its Internet access with other computers and devices __________.

.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

28

Various Online Activities and Services ( 1 of 6)

• Informational and research websites contain information. Examples include

libraries, encyclopedias, dictionaries, directories, guides, and other types of
references.

• Educational websites offer formal and informal teaching and learning

• Business websites aim to increase brand awareness, provides company

background or other information, and/or promotes or sells products or
services.

• Government agency websites provide citizens with information such as

census data, or assistance such as forms for filing taxes

• A blog is an informal website consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts,

in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

29

Various Online Activities and Services (2 of 6)

Figure 2-16: The Department of Statistics (Malaysia) website provides population data.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

30

Various Online Activities and Services (3 of 6)

•

Health and fitness websites provide up-to-date medical, fitness,
nutrition, or exercise information for public access.

•

Science websites contain information about space exploration,
astronomy, physics, earth sciences, microgravity, robotics, and other
branches of science.

•

Entertainment websites offer music, videos, shows, performances,
events, sports, games, and more in an interactive and engaging
environment.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

31

Various Online Activities and Services (4 of 6)

•

Bookmarking site is a website that enables members to organize,
tag, and share links to media and other online content.

•

A tag is the descriptive text used to categorize media and invite
comments. You can assign tags to web pages, photos, videos, blog
posts, email messages, social media messages, and other digital
content so that it is easier to locate later.

•

Social media refers to the many ways individuals and businesses
share information and interact using the Internet.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

32

Various Online Activities and Services (5 of 6)

• Online banking and online trading
enable users to access their financial
records from anywhere in the world,
provided they have an Internet
connection.

Figure 2-18 You can manage your bank account, make transfers, and more with banking websites, such as Bank of America.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

33

Various Online Activities and Services (6 of 6)

Pros and cons of using web apps.

Pros

Cons

Access web apps from any device with a
browser and Internet connection

User must be online to use web apps

Collaborate with others, no matter their
location

Files are more vulnerable to security and
privacy threats

Store your work on the app’s website so
you can access it anytime and anywhere

If the web app provider has technical
problems, you may be unable to access
your work

Save storage space on your device

If the web app provider goes out of
business, you can lose your files

Access the latest version of the app
without installing updates

Web apps often offer fewer features and
may run slower than installed apps

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

34

Discussion Activity 2-2

Cyber space fraud can include hacking, theft, and identify theft. Is it
necessary to limit online purchases to increase safety? What should you
keep in mind when performing online transactions?

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

36

Considerations for Online Safety (1 of 2)

• Secure websites often use a digital certificate to verify a user’s

identity with a digital key that has been “signed” by a trusted third
party.

Figure 2-22 Digital certificates provide security when visiting websites.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

37

Considerations for Online Safety (2 of 3)

Online Safety Tips

− Verify that the website is safe

− Turn off location sharing

− Clear your browsing history

− Never store passwords

− Use a phishing filter

− Enable a pop-up or pop-under blocker

− Use private browsing

− Use a proxy server

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

38

Communicating Online (1 of 6)

•

Email was one of the original services on the Internet, enabling
scientists and researchers working on government-sponsored projects
to communicate with colleagues at other locations.

Figure 2-24 You can send email to anyone, anywhere in the world.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

39

Communicating Online (2 of 6)

•

Internet messaging services, which often occur in real time, are communications
services that notify you when one or more of your established contacts are online
and then allow you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room with
them.

Figure 2-25 How an email message may travel from a sender to a receiver.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

40

Communicating Online (3 of 6)

•

Most messaging apps include the following features, which allow for a variety of
communication types:
−

Text messaging

−

Multimedia messaging

−

Voice messaging

−

Voice-to-text (also called speech-to-text)

−

Online discussion

Figure 2-26 Facebook Messenger is an example of messaging app.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

41

Using Social Networks (4 of 6)

Types of social networks.

Type

Lets You

Includes

Examples

Social
networking

Share ideas, opinions,
photos, videos, websites

Personal and business
networking, chat, video
chat and
videoconferencing, instant
messaging, online dating,
social memorials

Facebook, LinkedIn,
Instagram, Snapchat,
Microsoft Skype, Google
Hangouts

Blogging and
microblogging

Create and update an
online journal that you
will share with readers

Personal journals, expert
advice, information on
special areas of Interest

Twitter, Blogger, WordPress,
Tumblr, Pinterest

Media sharing
and
content sharing

View and distribute
pictures, videos, and
audio files

Photo and video sharing,
podcasting, news sites,
online learning, distance
learning

YouTube, Break, Dailymotion,
Flickr, Photobucket, Picasa

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

42

Using Social Networks (5 of 6)

Type

Lets You

Includes

Examples

Collaborative
projects

Read, add, and
discuss articles about
topics of interest

Online encyclopedias,
forums, wikis,
message boards, and
news groups

Wikipedia,
WikiAnswers, Wikia

Social curation,
bookmarking, and
social news

Tag (mark) and
search
websites; share
websites,
articles, news stories,
and media

Tagging; knowledge
management

Delicious, Reddit,
Digg

File sharing

Send and receive files
from others on an
Internet location

Free or paid access to
file storage locations
on the Internet

Egnyte, ShareFile,
Hightail, Dropbox,
WeTransfer

Types of social networks. (Continued)

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

43

Using Social Networks (6 of 6)

•Privacy and Security Risks with Online Social Networks

•Follow the tips to help protect yourself against thieves who are following the
network traffic and attempting to invade private facets of your life.
•

Register with caution

•

Manage your profile

•

Choose friends carefully

•

Limit friends

•

Divulge only relevant information

•

Be leery of urgent requests for help

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

44

Information Literacy Standards

and Web Searches (1 of 3)

•

Search engine uses programs called spiders or crawlers. A spider or
crawler is software that combs the web to find web pages and add
new data about them to the database, thereby building an index, or
listing of terms and their locations.

•

A query is a search term entered into a search engine on the web to
obtain results.

•

A search tool finds online information based on criteria you specify or
selections you make.

•

Another type of search tool is a web directory, or subject directory,
which is an online guide to subjects or websites, usually arranged in
alphabetical order.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

45

Information Literacy Standards

and Web Searches (2 of 3)

Figure 2-35 Steps in a search strategy

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

46

Apply Information Literacy Standards

to Web Searches (3 of 3)

You can also refine a web search by using a search operator, also called a Boolean operator.
Search operators are characters, words, or symbols that refine the search.

Below are the common search operators:

Operator

Means

Example

“ ” (quotation
marks)

Find web pages with the
exact words in the same
order

“augmented reality” in
business

| (vertical bar)

OR

augmented | virtual

- (hyphen)

NOT

augmented reality –
virtual

*

Wildcard (placeholder for any
number of characters)

augment* reality

#..#

Find web pages within a
range of numbers

augmented reality
2017..2022

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

49

Using Online Content Responsibly and Ethically

(1 of 3)

•On the Internet, anyone can publish anything to a website, a blog, or a
social media site, regardless of whether the information is true.

•One way to evaluate a web page is to use the CARS checklist and
determine whether the online information is credible, accurate,
reasonable, and supportable.

•A citation is a formal reference to a source, such as a published work.

Multiple Choice

One way to evaluate a web page is to use the CARS checklist and determine whether the online information is credible, __________, reasonable, and supportable

• assessible

• attainable

• accurate

• answerable

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

50

Using Online Content Responsibly and Ethically

(2 of 3)

•If you copy a photo from the Internet and use it in a report, you might be violating the photographer’s intellectual property rights, which are legal rights protecting those who create works such as photos, art, writing, inventions, and music.

•Some online resources, such as e-books, newspapers, magazines, and journals, are protected by digital rights management (DRM), which is a collection of technologies used by software publishers and trade groups to fight software piracy (theft) and prevent unauthorized copying of digital content; these include authentication, certificates of authenticity, encryption, and digital watermarks.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

51

Using Online Content Responsibly and Ethically

(3 of 3)

•

A public domain means it is not
subject to copyright.

•

Creative Commons is a nonprofit
organization that helps content
creators keep the copyright to
their materials while allowing
others to use, copy, or distribute
their work.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

52

Ethics and Issues: Using Online Content

Responsibly (1 of 2)

•Ethics is the set of moral principles that govern people’s behavior.

•Ethically and legally, you can use other people’s ideas in your
research papers and presentations, provided you cite the source for
any information that is not common knowledge.

•Some software, such as Microsoft Word, helps you create and manage
citations and then produce a bibliography, which is an alphabetical
collection of citations.

Jennifer T. Campbell, Discovering Computers: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices, 17th Edition. © 2023 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

53

Ethics and Issues: Using Online Content

Responsibly (2 of 2)

Figure 2-37 Citing sources in Microsoft Word

Poll

How often do you use various social media sites?

• Almost Constantly

• Several times a day

• About once a day

• Several times a week

• Less often

Poll

Is the use for personal or business?

• Personal

• Business

• Both