Q4_ W1 & 2_ M1_ Qualitative Research Design

Practical Research I

Quarter 4: Week 1 & 2-

Module 1

Qualitative Research Design

Target

a. Choose appropriate qualitative research design CS_RS11Va-c1

Jump Start

Activity 1. Draw me!

Instruction: Using any kind of drawing material, design a blueprint of the house you would like to build in the near future. Make sure to place labels and measurements and answer the questions that follow.

Open Ended

1. What do you think is the importance of a blueprint in building a house?

Open Ended

2. What could possibly happen to house constructed without blueprints?

Discover

You have learned in the previous module that qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. You were also able to grasp the difference between quantitative and qualitative research and even determined possible research titles in the different fields of specialization.! This time, you will learn on the different designs used in qualitative research studies. But before that, let us first define what research design is:

Research design is the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher. The design allows researchers to hone in on research methods that are suitable for the subject matter and set up their studies up for success.

If you already have an idea as to what design is applicable in your research, you have to finalize in mind the following:

1. What is the purpose of your research based on the research design?

2. What are the philosophical bases of your study?

3. What type of data is applicable in your research?

4. What is the method to be used in analyzing your data?

What are the types of Qualitative Research Designs?

a. Ethnography

This is a qualitive method often used in the social sciences particularly in anthropology and in sociology. It is often employed in gathering data on human society to describe culture like origin, values and roles in a particular group. Data collection in this type of design is done through observation,

interview and questionnaires.

What are the types of Qualitative Research Designs?

b. Phenomenology

Phenomenology is a 20th century philosophical movement dedicated to describing the structure of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without resource to theory and assumptions from other disciplines. It focuses on the lived experience for several individuals. Its purpose is to rigorously understand the phenomenon by systematic examination and describe the essence of lived experience.

What are the types of Qualitative Research Designs?

c. Grounded Theory

Grounded theory is an inductive technique developed for health-related topics by Glaser and Strauss. It emerged from the discipline of sociology. The term grounded means that the theory developed from the research has its roots from the data where it was derived.

What are the types of Qualitative Research Designs?

d. Historical Research

This refers to the systematic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrence in order to test the hypothesis concerning causes, effects that help to explain present events and anticipate future events. Its purpose is to make people aware of what has happened in the past to learn of pasts failures and successes; to learn how things were done in the past to see if such are applicable for the present; to understand education practices and policies and to test hypothesis concerning relationships or trends.

What are the types of Qualitative Research Designs?

e. Case Study

This research design is a useful tool for investigating trends and

scientific situations in many scientific disciplines especially social sciences, psychology, anthropology, and ecology. This method of study is useful for trying to test theoretical models by using them in real world situations. It is an exploration of a bounded system or a case over time through detailed data collection involving multiple sources of information within a context. Data collection strategies involve observations, interviews, documents, archival records and participant observation.

Explore

Activity 1. Let’s Determine!

Instruction: Determine the appropriate research design based on the following research topics. Write your answers in the blank provided before each number.

Open Ended

Cultural practices of the Ilocanos of La Union.

Open Ended

Success story of an entrepreneur

Open Ended

The way of life of the Mangyans, their folkways and mores

Open Ended

Fears and anxieties of teenagers

Open Ended

Agriculture of the pre-historic period

Activity 2. Answer me!

Instruction: Carefully read and answer the following questions below. You may write your answers on a separate sheet.

Open Ended

1. What research topic/study would you like to work on?

Open Ended

2. Why do you like to work on that topic?

Open Ended

3. What do you think is the appropriate research design to be used in your

study?

​Deepen

Instruction: Answer the following questions based on your understanding in this lesson. Make your answers brief yet substantial.

Open Ended

1. What is a research design?

Open Ended

2. What is the importance of a research design in a research paper?

Open Ended

3. What do you think is the impact of an inappropriate research design in a

study?

Lesson

2
Sampling Procedure and

Sample

Target

a. Describe sampling procedure and sample CS_RS11Va-c2

Open Ended

Jump Start

Activity 1. Let’s Measure!

Direction: Make a list of the different sampling procedures you know and determine

whether it is under probability or non-probability sampling technique.

Discover

To understand further this lesson, the first thing to do is to be well-versed of the difference between Population and Sample:

The population refers to the totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given condition. In other words, population refers to the entire group that you want to draw conclusions

about..

​

​Population, Sample and Sampling

On the other hand, sample is the specific group that you will collect data from which also

refers as the subset in a population..

​

​Population, Sample and Sampling

Sampling in contrary is the process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to participate in the study.

​

​Population, Sample and Sampling

Qualitative Sampling

In qualitative research, the goal of sampling is to get a representative sample size from a population to study and create accurate generalizations based on the data that will be gathered. The researcher should remember that there are no fast and hard rules in determining the sample size. The characteristics and objectives of the study will determine how many individuals should be selected. You continue to sample until you are not getting new information or are no longer getting new insights also known as the concept of saturation.!

However, there are also other guidelines recommended in determining the number of respondents:

​

These recommendations can help a researcher estimate how many

participants they will need, but ultimately, the required number of participants should depend when saturation is reached.

Sampling is done to collect cases, events, or actions that will clarify and deepen understanding. There is a need to think carefully as to what sampling procedure should be used by the researcher to come up with a sound study. The following are Non-probability Sampling procedures that are commonly used in qualitative research:

A. Convenience Sampling

Convenience sampling is defined as a method adopted by researchers where data is collected from a conveniently available pool of respondents. It is the most commonly used sampling technique as it’s incredibly prompt, uncomplicated, and economical. In many cases, members are readily

approachable to be a part of the sample.

B. Quota Sampling

Quota sampling is defined as a non-probability sampling method in which researchers create a sample involving individuals that represent a

population. Researchers choose these individuals according to specific traits or qualities. These samples can be generalized to the entire population. The final subset will be decided only according to the interviewer’s or researcher’s knowledge of the population.

C. Snowball Sampling

Snowball sampling or chain-referral sampling is defined as a nonprobability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. This is a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study.

Open Ended

Explore

Activity 1. Complete me!

Direction: Complete the table below by supplying the needed information in each

item. Make your answers brief but substantial. Answer in a separate sheet.

​Activity 2. What is best?

Direction: Evaluate the following research topics and determine the best sampling procedure to be used. Add a brief explanation.

Open Ended

1. Lived experiences of front liners who responded during the Co Vid 19 pandemic.

Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________

Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Open Ended

2. The effect of too much exposure in online games to senior high school students.

Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________

Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Open Ended

3. Wedding practices of the Ilocanos

Sampling Procedure: ___________________________________________________________

Explanation: ___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

​Deepen

Instruction: Answer the following questions based on your understanding in this lesson. Make your answers brief yet substantial.

Open Ended

1. What is the difference between population and sample?

Open Ended

What makes quota sampling different from snowball sampling?

Open Ended

3. What do you think is the main reason why researchers prefer to use purposive

sampling in the conduct of their research?

​Gauge

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers in a separate sheet.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is considered as the framework of a research paper?

• Sample

• Research Design

• Population

• Methodology

Multiple Choice

What type of research design is oftentimes used in sociology and

anthropology?

• Ethnography

• Case Study

• Phenomenology

• Historical Research

Multiple Choice

What research design should be used if you want to study the experiences of

people?

• Ethnography

• Case Study

• Phenomenology

• Historical Research

Multiple Choice

Which of the following refers to the systematic collection and objective

evaluation of data related to past occurrence in order to test the hypothesis

• Ethnography

• Phenomenology

• C. Case Study

• Historical Research

Multiple Choice

Which of the following research designs refers to an inductive technique

developed for health-related topics that emerged to the discipline of

sociology?

• Grounded Theory

• Phenomenology

• Case Study

• Historical Research

Multiple Choice

What research design should be used if you want to learn from the past to

see if their practices before are applicable to the present?

• Grounded Theory

• Phenomenology

• Case Study

• Historical Research

Multiple Choice

If a researcher would like to study the way of life of the Ilocanos, their

folkways and mores, what research design would he most likely to use?

• Ethnography

• Phenomenology

• Case Study

• Historical Research

Multiple Choice

What research design requires the researcher’s personal participation as part

of the research study?

• Ethnography

• Phenomenology

• Case Study

• Historical Research

Multiple Choice

Which statement describes the sample in a population?

• The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the

  subset in a population.

• The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given

  condition

• The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to

  participate in the study

• None of these

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly defines a population?

• The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the

  subset in a population.

• The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given

  condition

• The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to

  participate in the study

• None of these

Multiple Choice

Which of these correctly defines sampling in qualitative research?

• The specific group that you will collect data from which also refers as the

  subset in a population.

• The totality of objects, elements, person and characteristics under a given

  condition

• The process of technique of choosing a sample from a population to

  participate in the study

• None of these

Multiple Choice

What most likely should a researcher do if he/she already reached saturation

of data and no longer getting new information?

• Have more respondents to have more data

• Look for more respondents in other places to compare the gathered data

• Stop having additional respondents for he had already gathered the

  required data from the research

• None of these

Multiple Choice

In a research study, a participant/informant refers the researcher to a known

respondent. What type of sampling procedure is employed?

• Quota Sampling

• Purposive Sampling

• Snowball Sampling

• Convenient Sampling

Multiple Choice

If a researcher takes respondents that are of his ease, what type of sampling

technique is done?

• Quota Sampling

• Snowball Sampling

• Purposive Sampling

• Convenient Sampling

Multiple Choice

Which type of sampling procedure is being described in the statement below?

“A non-probability sampling method in which researchers create a sample

involving individuals that represent a population.”

• Quota Sampling

• Snowball Sampling

• Purposive Sampling

• Convenient Sampling