Age of Enlightenment

UNIT 3 - POLITICAL CHANGE
IN EUROPE AND AMERICA

SLGE CLASS RULES

A

ATTENTION

C

BEHAVIOR

COLLABORATION

B

WORKPLAN

Diary Entry: Introduction to Age of Enlightenment

Routines: Checking of Attendance, News Reporting

Discussion: Introduction to Enlightenment

Activity: Vocabulary and Case Analysis

Wrap up: Word-Phrase-Sentence Summary

CONCEPTS

BIG IDEA

Global Interaction

Social, economic, and political conflict

can change the roles of citizens and

existing structures of political systems

Word Cloud

What does "Enlightenment" mean to you?

Multiple Choice

Gathering place of intellectuals, artists, and thinkers to exchange ideas and engage in discourse.

• coffee shops

• salons

• diners

• casinos

Multiple Choice

Fundamental rights inherent to all individuals, such as life, liberty, and property, which are not dependent on government or society.

• natural rights

• individual rights

• constitutional rights

• pre-determined rights

Multiple Choice

An implicit agreement among individuals in a society to cooperate for social benefits, typically involving the surrender of some freedoms in exchange for security and order.

• right to abode

• writ of hebeas corpus

• constitutional rights

• social contract

Multiple Choice

A hypothetical condition where individuals exist without government or societal structures, often characterized by a lack of laws, authority, or formal institutions.

• right of domain

• state of evolution

• state of nature

• state of natural order

Multiple Choice

The principle that a government's legitimacy and authority are derived from the consent and agreement of the people it governs.

• Consent of the Governed

• Consent of the Victim

• Consent of the Constituents

• Consent of the Order

DISCUSSION

AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

The Enlightenment was both a movement and a state of mind.

DISCUSSION

AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Enlightenment is a European intellectual
movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in
which ideas concerning God, reason,
nature, and humanity were synthesized into
a worldview that gained wide assent in the
West and that instigated revolutionary
developments in art, philosophy, and
politics.

ENLIGHTENMENT

● new ideas about human

existence
1. human basic rights
2. control over the government

● Started at Europe in 1715
● Salons

- Paris
- discussed philosophy and

improved human existence

NATURAL RIGHTS

LIFE

LIBERTY

PROPERTY

individuals have both
a right and a duty to
preserve their own
lives

Liberty meant freedom of
religion, freedom of the
press, and freedom from
unreasonable government
(torture, censorship, and
so on).

Permit

individuals

to

appropriate, and exercise
control rights over, things
in the world, like land and
other material resources.

Open Ended

In a small town, a group of developers decides to construct a large industrial facility near a residential area without consulting the local community or obtaining proper permits. The construction of the facility emits harmful pollutants into the air and water, leading to health issues among residents, decreased property values, and disruptions to their daily lives.

What specific violations against the Right to Life, Liberty and Property can be observed in this case?

STATE OF NATURE

● ANARCHY
● No government
● No rules
● complete freedom
● without protection

from each other

SOCIAL CONTRACT

● Citizens give up some freedom
● Government will protect

citizens’ natural rights

● Relationship of government

and citizens are like an
agreement

● Citizens - obey set of rules
● government - protect citizens’

rights

CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED

● If a government failed,

citizens would no longer
agree to the contract

● REVOLUTION - citizens

have the right to revolt
against the government

REPUBLICANISM

● Country’s leaders

should be chosen by
people through
election

Open Ended

Word that captured your attention or struck you as powerful.

Phrase that moved, engaged, or provoked you.

Sentence that was meaningful to you, that you felt captures the core idea of the lesson.

UNIT 3 - POLITICAL CHANGE
IN EUROPE AND AMERICA

WORKPLAN

Diary Entry: Enlightenment Thinkers

Routines: Checking of Attendance, News Reporting

Discussion: Arguments of Different Enlightenment Thinkers

Activity: Worksheet 1

Wrap up: Burning Questions & Reminders for next meeting

CONCEPTS

BIG IDEA

Global Interaction

Social, economic, and political conflict

can change the roles of citizens and

existing structures of political systems

REVIEW

AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Give 1 enlightenment idea that you remember from the previous

discussion.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

● European philosophers began debating the question of

who should govern a nation.

● As the absolute rule of kings weakened, Enlightenment

philosophers argued for different forms of democracy.

● Enlightenment thinkers wanted to improve human

conditions on earth rather than concern themselves with
religion and the afterlife.

● These thinkers valued reason, science, religious tolerance,

and what they called “natural rights”—life, liberty, and
property.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

JEAN JACQUES

ROUSSEAU

BARON DE

MONTESQUIEU

JOHN LOCKE

THOMAS
HOBBES

Collaborative activity: worksheet

●

Students will be divided in groups with
3-4 members.

●

The groups will have to answer the
Enlightenment Worksheet 1.

●

Assign each student in the group to
work on one or two philosophers.

●

To ensure that all group members are
working and contributing in the group
activity, document edit history will be
checked for equal contribution of the
tasks to all group members.

WORKPLAN

Diary Entry: Enlightenment Thinkers

Routines: Checking of Attendance, News Reporting

Discussion: Unit Assessment

Activity: Worksheet 1 Discussion

Wrap up: Burning Questions & Reminders for next meeting

HISTORY UNIT ASSESSMENT

CITATION OF SOURCES:

Place here all the website links that you used.

Follow this format:

Author/Website. “Title of the article”. Date of
publication/modification/access, website link

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

JEAN JACQUES

ROUSSEAU

BARON DE

MONTESQUIEU

JOHN LOCKE

THOMAS
HOBBES

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - THOMAS HOBBES

BACKGROUND

HUMAN
NATURE

●interested in the nature of
government

●politics, geometry, physics, religion,
and history

●“Why do we have government?”

●naturally selfish and quick to fight

●STATE OF NATURE = SURVIVAL

●In order to get what they wanted,
people would always be at war with
everyone else.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - THOMAS HOBBES

SOCIAL
CONTRACT

GOVERNMENT

●no two-way street

●people agreed to hand over power
in exchange for protection, they lost
the right to overthrow, replace, or
even question the government.

●ONE RULER

●He believed in a monarchy led by a
king

●ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

Multiple Choice

A system of government in which a single ruler, usually a king or queen, holds all the power and authority, with no legal limitations or checks from other institutions.

• absolute monarchy

• constitutional monarchy

Multiple Choice

A system of government in which a monarch acts as the head of state within the parameters of a constitution, where their powers are limited and regulated by law and balanced by other branches of government.

• absolute monarchy

• constitutional monarchy

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - JOHN LOCKE

BACKGROUND

HUMAN
NATURE

●produced a number of writings that
influenced future leaders

●tabula rasa - blank slate or page

●people learn and develop differently
because they are exposed to
different things.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - JOHN LOCKE

SOCIAL
CONTRACT

GOVERNMENT

●The people agree to give up some
freedoms if the government agrees
to protect everyone’s rights.

●If the government fails to deliver, the
people revolt

●Democracy

●Countries under democracy
protects the people’s natural rights

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - BARON DE MONTESQUIEU

BACKGROUND

HUMAN
NATURE

●Charles Louis de Secondat

●influences the way people think
about government around the
world.

●liberty is the peace of mind that
comes from being safe.

SOCIAL CONTRACT

GOVERNMENT

●did not describe a social contract

●Argued that state of war among individuals and
nations led to human laws and government.

●Democracy

●main purpose of government is to maintain law and order,
political liberty, and the property of the individual.

●Separation of Power = government was divided into parts,
and each part had its own purpose

●Check and balance - branches are empowered to prevent
actions by other branches and are induced to share power.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - BARON DE MONTESQUIEU

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU

BACKGROUND

HUMAN
NATURE

●human behavior and government

●believed that a government’s purpose is
to protect liberty, or freedom, and to help
people get along

●how people think about government and
how a democracy should work.

●two different types of freedom
1.Natural freedom happens when
people live in a state of nature.

2.

Social freedom happens when people
sacrifice some natural freedoms so they
can have the freedom that comes with
security and protection

SOCIAL CONTRACT

GOVERNMENT

●

The government then follows the
general will

●

General will - those things that are in
the best interest of society as a whole

● He was in favor of direct democracy.
● Direct democracy - all citizens are

directly involved in making laws and
running the government.

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS - JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU