Spanish Grammar Review

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I can use advanced vocabulary and correct grammar structures to write complex sentences.

Spanish contractions

• a + el = al

• de + el = del

Poll

¿Prefieres la comida ...?

• de la casa

• del restaurante

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank correctly:

Necesito comprar el pan. Voy ...

• a la tienda

• al tienda

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank correctly:

Tengo que comprar la leche. Voy ...

• al supermercado

• a la supermercado

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank correctly:

Tengo mucho sueño. Acabo de volver ...

• del trabajo

• de la trabajo

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank correctly:

Es mu cumpleaños. Recibí un regalo ...

• del hermana de Pablo

• de la hermana de Pablo

Poll

Puedes pasar tiempo con una persona famosa.

¿Prefieres conocer ...?

• a un músico o actor famoso

• a un político o escritor famoso

Personal ¨a¨

• You use it when the direct object is a person. For example:

• Yo conozco a Diego.

• Nosotros vimos a Andrés.

• Ella invitó a Julio a la fiesta.

• Yo llamé a Catalina.

Poll

Puedes invitar a solo UNA persona a pasar la tarde contigo un sábado.

¿A quién invitas?

• Invito a alguien en mi familia

• Invito a alguien de la escuela

Multiple Choice

Translate the sentence correctly:

I looked for the keys.

• Busqué las llaves.

• Busqué a las llaves.

Multiple Choice

Translate the sentence correctly:

I looked for Sara.

• Busqué Sara.

• Busqué a Sara.

Multiple Choice

Translate the sentence correctly:

I know (I am familiar with) Madrid.

• Conozco Madrid.

• Conozco a Madrid.

Multiple Choice

Translate the sentence correctly:

I know Óscar.

• Conozco a Óscar.

• Conozco Óscar.

​SER

​“El verbo Ser”: the verb “To be” in Spanish (I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are.) This is one of the most important Spanish lessons in any beginner Spanish course. Once you are able to get your head around your first Spanish verb and the way you have to conjugate it for each of the different people then you are well on your way to success. The verb “To be” is fundamental to English and Spanish. We use it all of the time.

​The verb ser means “to be”. Just as “to be” has an irregular conjugation in English (I am, you are, he/she is…), the verb ser is very irregular in Spanish. Therefore, it is important that you memorize it! When you change the verb depending on the subject, like the example below, you are conjugating the verb. In Spanish to conjugate verbs, you will give them a different form for each of the six subject pronouns.

​The English verb be has two translations in Spanish grammar: ser and estar. Ser is used to describe qualities and characteristics.

​

The verb estar describes temporary conditions or states, location.

​Usage

​The verb Ser is used to describe the following:

Identifying characteristics and physical appearance

Example:

• ​Miguel y Angel son altos.

• ​Yo soy responsable y talentosa.

​Identity and permanent qualities (nationality, religion etc.)

​Example:

• ​Yo soy de Venezuela.

• ​Mi amiga es mexicana.

• ​Mi familia es católica.

Multiple Choice

Mis estudiantes de español _____ inteligentes .

• es

• son

• somos

• soy

Multiple Choice

Yo _____ paciente y organizado.

• ser

• somos

• estar

• soy

Poll

Do you like to conjugate ?

​Usage

​The verb Ser is used to describe the following:

Personal relationships.

Example:

• ​La Sra. Fernández es mi maestra de español.

• ​Julia es mi novia.

Information about day/date/season/time

​Example:

• ​Hoy es domingo.

• ​Mañana es el quince de abril.

• ​¿Qué hora es?

Multiple Choice

Mary y Elena ____ mis amigas.

• son

• es

• somos

• soy

Fill in the Blank

Yo _____ joven y guapo.

​

Spanish Pronouns

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Fill in the Blank

¿Cómo se dice "I" en español?

Multiple Select

¿Cómo se dice "we" en español?

(both masculine and feminine)

• Vosotros

• Nosotros

• Nosotras

Fill in the Blank

¿Cómo se dice "tú" en inglés?

Fill in the Blank

¿Cómo se dice "tú" en inglés?

Open Ended

What is the difference between "tú" and usted

Multiple Choice

La mujer esta en la tienda.

• Present tense

• Past tense

Poll

Como cambio la oracion "La mujer esta en la tienda" a tiempo pasado?"

• La mujer estaba en la tienda.

• La mujer esta en la tienda.

• La mujer estaed en la tienda.

• La mujer estaban en la tienda.

Multiple Choice

Yo ____ el director de la escuela por muchos años.

• fui

• era

• fuimos

• eran

Preterito de ir y ser

the verbs ir and ser are irregular in the preterite.

Note that they have the SAME forms. You can determine the difference in meaning based on the CONTEXT of the sentence.

Conjugation of ir/ser in spanish

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH VERB IR IN PRETERIT:

Fill in the Blank

Yo ___________ a las montañas ayer.

Fill in the Blank

Mis amigos también ____________.

Fill in the Blank

Nosotros _________ a las ocho de la mañana.

Fill in the Blank

¿Tú también ________ a las montañas ayer?

Open Ended

¿Adónde fuiste en tus últimas* vacaciones? *last

Gustar with infinitives

Students will express what people like to do using the verb gustar.

First, we have to know...What is a verb?

It is a word that expresses action or a state of being -- is, have, buys, talked, etc.

Next, we have to know...What is an infinitive?

It is the basic form of a verb.

In English, you can tell that a verb is in the infinitive form because (most of the time) it will include the word to.

So, to turn any of these English verbs into an infinitve, you would just put the word "to" in front of it. Examples: to walk, to run, to play, etc.

In Spanish, you can tell that a verb is in the infinitive form because it will end in the two letters, -ar, -er, or -ir.

hablar, comer, escribir

Here are some examples of Spanish infinitives. Notice what two letters they end with.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following words is not an infinitive?

• aprender

• pasar

• escribir

• estás

Ser = to be

Ser is in the infinitive form. You have learned to conjugate ser. When you conjugate a verb, you change it to indicate who is doing the action. Now you've learned to say to be, I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, y'all and they are. You learned to conjugate your first verb.

YAY!!!

With this lesson you are learning to say what people like and do not like to do. In Spanish, we use a conjugated form of the verb GUSTAR before a verb in the infinitive form to talk about what people like to do.

We don't use yo when we say I like in Spanish. We are literally saying that something is pleasing to me. So, just don't put "yo" in the sentence.

Multiple Choice

How do you think you would say "I like to be me," or "I like being me." in Spanish?

• Me gusta ser yo.

• Yo me gusta ser.

• Yo me gusta ser yo.

Estar o Tener

Expressing emotions​

By Ana Mujunen

Depending on what we say, in Spanish we might use the same equivalent TO BE, as in ESTAR, or TENER.

Estoy, tengo, tienes, estás...​

In Spanish

In English we normally express the way we feel at a given moment using the verb TO BE

Example: I am hungry, ​she is angry.

Temporary feelings

Expressing emotions or moods

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

What verbs do we use in Spanish to describe temporary feelings or moods?

• ser and estar

• estar and tener

• sentir

• ser and ir

When to use each?

TENER​: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

This verb is used to express you "have" or hold an emotion or need. (then we use the name of the emotion: alegría, tristeza, hambre, etc.) Examples:

Tengo hambre, tenemos sueño, tienes sed, tiene miedo, tengo temor, tienes preocupación, tengo angustia, tiene ​pereza.

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

She is thirsty

• ella es sed

• es con sed

• tiene sed

• está sed

Multiple Choice

he is lazy today

• tiene pereza

• es pereza

• está pereza

• perezoso

Multiple Choice

We are sleepy

• somos sueño

• tenemos sueño

• tenemos dormir

• tengo sueño

Using ESTAR: estoy, estás, está, estamos, están

When we use ESTAR, it means that the emotion is expressed as an adjective, in English it would end with an [ed] as in excited, alarmed, captivated, bored, worried... in Spanish they end with ado, ada.

In Spanish they it looks like this:

Estoy enamorado

Está emocionada

Estamos preocupados​

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

I am in love

• tengo enamor

• está enamorado

• estoy en amor

• estoy enamorada

Multiple Choice

We are tired

• tengo cansado

• estamos cansados

• tenemos cansar

• estamos tristes

Other common adjectives for emotions​

feliz, triste, enfermo/a, mal, bien, más o menos, mejor, peor

​

These are words that normally express emotions or states of wellness.

mejor= better

peor= worse​

más o menos= so so​

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

¿Estás mejor?

• Are you ok?

• Are you feeling better?

• Is she better?

• Are you worse?

Multiple Choice

I am feeling worse

• Soy peor

• Estoy mal

• Soy malo

• Estoy peor

^{Articles, Gender, and more}

Definite & indefinite articles

Definite articles:

• Are used to identify specific (known) items

• translate into the word "the" in English

• have singular and plural forms

DEFINITE ARTICLES

el, la, los, las

DEFINITE ARTICLES (cont'd)

• Are used with masculine and feminine nouns

• Follow the rules of agreement in Spanish

Rules of Agreement

• All nouns and articles must agree with each other in gender and in number

• In most cases... the letter the noun ends with determines its gender and whether the masculine article or the feminine article is used

• Let's do some practice and see how you do

Nouns in Spanish:

• Most nouns that end in the letter -o are masculine and get the masculine article

• Most nouns that end in the letter -a are feminine and get the feminine article

• There are exceptions to the rules, however...don't worry about them right away! :-)

Fill in the Blank

the house = _____ casa

Fill in the Blank

the boy = ____ chico

Fill in the Blank

the computer = ____ computadora

Fill in the Blank

the notebook = ____ cuaderno

INDEFINITE ARTICLES:

• Follow the same rules as the definite articles

• Translate into the words "a", "an", or "some" in English

• Refer to an indefinite (unknown or uncertain) number of items

Fill in the Blank

a house = _____ casa

Fill in the Blank

a boy = ____ chico

Noun/Adjective Word Order

Lastly, Spanish often feels like it is backwards for English speakers. En inglés, when you have a noun and adjective right next to each other in a sentence, the adjective is first, and the noun is second - short boy or old woman.

En español, the noun comes first - chico bajo (boy short) or mujer vieja (woman old).

You gettin' this?

Multiple Choice

el _____ _____

• chico serio

• serio chico