Meisois

Meiosis

(Graded assignment) Use a textbook or the pdf at GCR to define the following key terms.  Please include a sketch if possible.

• Meiosis

• Gamete

• Haploid

• Diploid

• Zygote

• Homologous Chromosome

• Tetrad

• Crossing Over

Standards: H.B.4C.1 and H.B.4C.3

• H.B.4C.1 Develop and use models of sex cell formation (meiosis) to explain why the DNA of the daughter cells is different from the

DNA of the parent cell.

• H.B.4C.3 Construct explanations for how meiosis followed by fertilization ensures genetic variation among offspring within the same family and genetic diversity within populations of sexually reproducing organisms.

Essential Questions

• How many sets of chromosomes are there in most adult organisms?

• How is meiosis different from mitosis?

• What is a karyotype?

• How does a cell become haploid?

• How may I make good choices for my health?

Vocabulary Terms, in full.

Meiosis, Diploid, Fertilization, Daughter Cells, Gametes, Sex Cells, Prophase I, Homologous Chromosomes, Sister Chromatids, Centromere, Crossing Over, Metaphase I, Independent Assortment, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Cytokinesis, Haploid, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Trisomy, Monosomy, Sex Chromosomes

Open Ended

Do you think that you look more like your father or mother?

What is meiosis?

A single cell divides twice to produce four gametes containing half the original amount of genetic information.

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​Steps of Meiosis

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VC: Meiosis

The video will...

• Vocabulary: chromosomes, centromeres, centrioles, spindle fibers, and crossing over.

• Compare mitosis to meiosis.

• Sperm and egg cell are called gametes. The have 23 chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

The new nuclei form and the cell begins to splits into two

• Prophase 1

• Metaphase 1

• Anaphase 1

• Telophase 1

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes are duplicated

• Interphase

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

Spindles form, nuclear membrane breaks down

• Prophase 1

• Metaphase 1

• Anaphase 1

• Telophase 1

Multiple Choice

The chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers

• Prophase 2

• Metaphase 2

• Anaphase 2

• Telophase 2

Multiple Choice

The chromosomes condense and thicken, they line up with

their homologous pair and they cross over.

• Interphase

• Prophase 1

• Metaphase 1

• Telophase 2

Multiple Choice

What is number 10?

• 23

• 46

• 92

• 184

Multiple Choice

Which two processes creates variety in sperm and egg.

• Mitosis and meiosis

• DNA replication and synapses

• Transcription and translation

• Crossing over and independent assortment

Multiple Choice

This when the spindle fibers do not separate the chromosomes accurately, resulting in a gamete with incorrect chromosome numbers.

• Nondisjunction

• Disjunction

• Meiosis

• Translocation

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis ?

• 10

• 6

• 4

• 2

Multiple Choice

products of meiosis are genetically

• different

• identical

Multiple Choice

This picture shows which process? 

• mitosis

• meiosis

• the cell cycle

Multiple Choice

The result of meiosis is:

• two diploid cells

• two haploid cells

• four diploid cells

• four haploid cells

Multiple Choice

The purpose of meiosis is to form ________ cells.

• body

• sex

• somatic

• brain

Multiple Choice

Meiosis is a process that 

• contributes to variety

• contributes to the same type of cells over and over

• contributes to nothing

• contributes to the cells with the same amount of DNA

Multiple Choice

Sperm cells and egg cells have ____ chromosomes so that a fertilized egg can develop into a human. 

• 23

• 46

• 56

• 92

Multiple Choice

Are all sperm cells the same when they are produced?

• yes

• no

• maybe

Multiple Choice

In prophase I, what happens?

• DNA replication

• crossing over

• condensing into chromosomes

• everything gets smaller in the cell

Multiple Choice

In prophase II, do you have homologous pairs?

• yes

• no

Meiosis: Sexual Reproduction

• Two parents combine their DNA to make offspring that have unique DNA; not clones of the parent.

• The offspring have a combination of the genes of each parent.

​Humans get one chromosome in each pair from each parent.

• Female gametes are called eggs, and male gametes are called sperm.

• They each have only half of the chromosomes (contains genes that code for traits).

• Eggs and sperm are haploid cells. Meaning, there is one copy of each chromosome.

• Other cells have two of each chromosome, meaning they are diploid cells.

​Gametes

Multiple Choice

A dog has 78 chromosomes in its body cells. What is the diploid number?

• 78

• 39

• 1

• 100

Multiple Choice

A Goat has 60 chromosomes in its body cells. What is the haploid number?

• 60

• 30

• 100

• 120

Multiple Choice

A human has 46 chromosomes in their body cells. What is the haploid number?

• 46

• 92

• 23

• 12

Multiple Choice

Gametes have haploid or diploid number of chromosomes?

• Haploid

• Diploid

Multiple Choice

female sex cell

• zygote

• egg

• sperm

• meiosis

​​Graded Classkick Assignment:

Complete pp 2 & 3.

Draw

Tell me something good.

• Go over Classkick, p.3.

​Today's Agenda

• ​​The meeting of the sperm and egg is called fertilization.

• The offspring will get one set of chromosomes from each parent, and end with a paired set of chromosomes.

​Fertilization

Multiple Choice

In asexual reproduction, what is true about the DNA of the offspring?

• It is exactly the same as the parent's DNA.

• It is different from the parent's DNA.

Multiple Choice

If each parent in sexual reproduction has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will the offspring have?

• 4

• 8

• 16

Multiple Choice

In sexual reproduction, what is true about the DNA of the offspring?

• It is different from either parent's DNA.

• It is the same as the mother's DNA.

• It is the same as the father's DNA.

Multiple Choice

Are the egg and sperm gametes diploid or haploid?

• Diploid

• Haploid

Multiple Choice

Are the offspring of sexual reproduction diploid or haploid?

• Diploid

• Haploid

Multiple Choice

The pink shows the chromosomes that came from the mother, and the blue shows the chromosomes from the father. What do you notice about the chromosomes in each pair?

• They are the same size and shape.

• They are different sizes and shapes.

Multiple Choice

Where do you think the chromosomes labeled 1A, 2A, and 3A come from?

• The mother.

• The father.

Multiple Choice

What can you conclude about the chromosomes in this cell?

• They all came from the mother.

• They all came from the father.

• Half came from the mother, half came from the father.

• The process of meiosis creates eggs and sperm.

• Produces cells with half the number of chromosomes.

​Purpose of Meiosis

Draw

"Tell me something good"

​​Graded Classkick Assignment:

Complete pp. 5, 6, and 7.

Draw

"Tell me something good"[B].

​The Process of Meiosis

• Two parts of meiosis: meiosis I and meiosis II.

• Each of the parts consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGK2KFDLYRk

Tetrad

• A tetrad is formed when both chromosomes in a pair are copied, forming four of each chromosome.

• These four chromosomes are called a tetrad.

Multiple Choice

CROSSING OVER TAKES PLACE DURING

• PROPHASE II

• PROPHASE I

• INTERPHASE

• METAPHASE I

Multiple Choice

CROSSING OVER INCREASES

• LIFE SPAN

• GENETIC VARIATION

• THE NUMBER OF OFF-SPRING

• ALL ARE TRUE

Multiple Choice

Beaver muscle cells have 48 chromosomes.  How many chromosomes would be found in a beaver egg cell?

• 96

• 48

• 24

• 12 

Multiple Choice

• prophase 1

• metaphase 1

• anaphase 1

• telophase 1

• prophase 2

Multiple Choice

The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?

• anaphase I

• prophase I

• prophase II

• metaphase I

Multiple Choice

• metaphase 1

• anaphase 1

• metaphase 2

• anaphase 2

• prophase 1

Multiple Choice

• anaphase 1

• metaphase 1

• anaphase 2

• metaphase 2

• telophase 2

Multiple Choice

• prophase 1

• telophase 1

• anaphase 1

• prophase 2

• anaphase 2

Multiple Choice

• prophase 1

• metaphase 1

• telophase 1

• telophase 2

• prophase 2

Multiple Choice

• metaphase 2

• anaphase 1

• anaphase 2

• telophase 1

• prophase 2

Multiple Choice

• anaphase 2

• anaphase 1

• metaphase 2

• prophase 1

• telophase 2

Multiple Choice

• prophase 1

• prophase 2

• anaphase 1

• telophase 1

• telophase 2