Biomolecules Review

HISD 8th Grade Science

Biomolecules and Macromolecules Review

May 9, 2024

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Learning Objective: SWBAT compare the functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Demonstration of Learning: Given a set of 5 questions, students will compare the functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by answering at least 4 out of 5 questions correctly by answering at least 4 out of 5 questions correctly.

BIOL 9.8A Compare the functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

What are we learning today?

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Guiding Questions

What are the four types of biomolecules?

How are the functions of each biomolecule
similar and different?

MACROMOLECULES

A macromolecule is a _____________ formed by

the joining of ________________.

There are four classes of
macromolecules in living organisms:

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

giant molecule
smaller molecules

Match

There are four classes of biomolecules: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Biomolecules are important to the structure and function of the cell. All living organisms are composed of these four types.

Match the biomolecule term with the correct primary function.

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

Stores genetic information - DNA and RNA

Helps build and repair muscle tissue

Long-term energy storage

Short-term energy storage

• Stores genetic information - DNA and RNA

• Helps build and repair muscle tissue

• Long-term energy storage

• Short-term energy storage

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule is responsible for carrying genetic information in cells?

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

• Protein
• Lipid

Multiple Choice

Proteins and carbohydrates have many functions in the body of an organism. Specific proteins and carbohydrates perform specific tasks. Information about a protein and a carbohydrate is given above.

     

How are ferritin and glycogen similar in their primary functions for an organism?

• Both store materials needed by the organism

• Both support the structure of the organism.

• Both store energy used by the organism.

• Both store information for the organism.

Examples of carbohydrates are sugars, starches, and celluloses.

Carbohydrates

The carbohydrates are known as the
“____________” foods because they
supply immediate ______ for all
___________.

quick energy

energy

cell activities

Examples of carbohydrates are sugars, starches, and

celluloses.

There are two main functions of carbohydrates:

b) Some plants and animals

use carbohydrates for
structural purposes.
The monomers that make up
the carbohydrates are…

... simple sugars such as

glucose.

a) Living things use carbohydrates

as their main source of energy.

cellulose

The Sugars

Disaccharides are composed
of ________________ that
are combined in a
___________ reaction.
Examples include sucrose,
lactose, and maltose.

2 monosaccharides

condensation

THREE COMMON POLYMERS

Starch is a storage
polysaccharide
produced by plants in order to store excess glucose.
Many, many
molecules of
glucose are bonded
together to form
starch.

Glycogen is a storage
polysaccharide
produced by animals in order to store glucose.
The liver bonds hundreds of molecules of
glucose together to form glycogen.

Cellulose is a structural
polysaccharide and is
the stringy, fibrous
material found in the
cell wall of plants.
It gives strength to the
plant cell wall.
Cellulose is the major
component of wood
and paper.

STARCH

GLYCOGEN

CELLULOSE

CARBOHYDRATE

S

CARBOHYDRATE

S

CARBOHYDRATE

S

Multiple Choice

The fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane suggests that the membrane is primarily composed of proteins and lipids. Which of the following is a function of proteins in the cell membrane?

• To allow certain substances to cross the plasma membrane via active transport

• To provide a hydrophilic head so that water can enter into the cell

• To package and sort molecules to be sent in vesicles

• To read messenger RNA to assemble amino acids

Multiple Choice

Two proteins in the same cell perform different functions. This is because they have —

• different sequences of amino acids

• different sequences of fatty acids.

• different sequences of nucleotides.

• different sequences of simple sugars.

LIPIDS

Lipids contain the elements
_________________________,
but not in the 1:2:1 ratio seen
in the sugars.
There is a __________ of
carbon and hydrogen atoms to
oxygen atoms than seen in the
carbohydrates.

Lipids are …

… large, nonpolar organic
molecules.

Examples of lipids are …
… fats, oils, and waxes.

Since lipids are ________, they are
generally not ______________.

nonpolar

soluble in water

Because lipids have larger numbers of
carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram than
the other organic compounds, they
store more energy per gram.

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

higher ratio

8.

Saturated fats tend to be _____ at room
temperature.

Examples are

________________________.

9.

Unsaturated fats tend to be ______ at
room temperature.

Examples are

______________________.

10.

Saturated fats clog your arteries and

veins. Please do not eat too many of these!!!!

solid

shortening, lard, and butter

liquid

olive oil and vegetable oil

Three classes of lipids that contain fatty
acids are important to living organisms.

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

Wax

Multiple Choice

How does the genetic code in DNA specify the traits of an organism?

• The genetic code specifies the order of fatty acids in a protein, which then change the shape of cells to show specific traits.

• The genetic code specifies the order of monosaccharides in a protein, which then activates certain genes to

  express traits.

• The genetic code specifies the order of nucleic in a protein, which then turn off specific traits an organism has.

• The genetic code specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, which are then used to determine traits.

Multiple Choice

In living organisms, lipids primary function as —

• inorganic compounds

• sources of stored energy

• transmitters of genetic information

• catalysts of chemical reactions

TRIGLYCERIDES

Saturated triglycerides
tend to be _____ at
room temperature and
are composed of
__________________.
These include butter
and the fats in red
meats.

Unsaturated fatty acids
tend to be ___________
at room temperature.
These are found
primarily in plant seeds.

hard

saturated fatty acids

soft or liquid

Waxes are waterproof and
form protectivecoatings on
outer surfaces.

Waxes provide waterproof
coverings on feathers,
exoskeletons, fruits, and
leaves.

Summary of Uses of Lipids

1.

They are used to store energy.

2. They are an important part of

the cell membrane.

3. They form waterproof coverings on feathers,

fruits, leaves, etc.

4. They cushion and insulate the internal organs.

Multiple Choice

RNA and DNA are examples of:

• proteins
• nucleic acids
• carbohydrates
• lipids

Open Ended

Which category of biomolecules would the pasta meals in two plates be considered as? Explain the type of energy produced. (You must write in complete sentences)

Sentence stem: The biomolecules category both pasta meals are considered a part of is_______

Dropdown

Starch is a ​

Select answer

​

Multiple Choice

Proteins are macromolecules that contain

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

• carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

• carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous

Dropdown

DNA is found in the ​

Select answer

of the cell.

Multiple Choice

An advertisement for a health supplement for dogs claims to build lean muscle and strengthen tendons and ligaments, as well as provide energy. Which two biomolecules must the supplement contain to provide these benefits?

• Lipids and nucleic acids

• Proteins and carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids and carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates and lipids

Open Ended

What are the three elements contained in carbohydrates?