EOC WW2 and early Cold War

Unit 5 EOC REVIEW

WWII and Early Cold War

Causes of WWII

◦1. Treaty of Versailles

◦Blamed Germany, upset Hitler

◦2. Economic Depressions (around the
world)
◦Allowed Dictators to take control

◦Totalitarian Regimes (total control) –
Italy, Germany, and Japan
◦Mussolini, Hitler, and Tojo are rulers

◦3. Propaganda

◦Promoted different beliefs and feelings

about other countries/people

Multiple Choice

Who was the dictator of Italy during WWII and also believed in fascism. ?

• Adolf Hitler
• Benito Mussolini
• Josef Stalin
• Winston Churchill

US Before the War

◦Still dealing with Great Depression

◦Many in favor of Isolationism

◦Remain neutral and do not get involved!

◦Lend Lease Act

◦Provided allies with resources to fight

the Axis powers

◦Ended idea of neutrality!
◦Prompted war industry at home.

◦Oil and Steel Embargo on Japan, how
do they respond? 🡪Aggressively!
PEARL HARBOR

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was the primary factor leading America to enter World War 2?

• unrestricted submarine warfare

• attack on Pearl Harbor

The Homefront

◦The men were sent to war 🡪Women
stepped up and took their jobs in
factories! (pay was low)
◦Women and minorities were given new

opportunities after WWII

◦Efforts:

◦Rationing

◦ Resources were limited at home to help the effort

◦War Bonds

◦ People bought bonds to help fund the war

◦Victory Gardens

◦ Home gardens, increased food production during

wartime

◦Science was improving!

◦New medicines like penicillin, antibiotics, and

immunizations were being created

Multiple Choice

The message of this propaganda poster is...

• women are capable of doing factory jobs.

• women should enlist in the army

• women were not important in the war effort.

Multiple Choice

sales or loans of war materials to countries who were important to the USA.

• Penicillin

• Pearl Harbor

• Lend-Lease Act

• Nuremberg Trials

Multiple Choice

Who was the dictator of Germany, and his political party, the Nazis, believed in fascism?

• Adolf Hitler
• Benito Mussolini
• Josef Stalin
• Winston Churchill

Multiple Choice

Germany, Italy, and Japan became known as the ________.

• Allied Powers
• Axis Powers
• Dictators
• Prime Ministers

Battles and Turning Points

◦Battle of Midway

◦ Turning point in Pacific Theater
◦ US hurt Japan’s Airforce and Navy

◦Stalingrad

◦ Turning point in European Theater
◦ Stopped German Advancement

◦Okinawa and Iwo-Jima

◦ Needed to defeat Japan
◦ Got there by Island Hopping

◦D-Day (Normandy)

◦ Allied Invasion
◦ Created a Western Front for the War

Holocaust and Atomic Bomb

◦Holocaust

◦ Hitler’s plan to systematically exterminate Jews
◦ US did not act right away, even turned away some

refugees

◦ Struggled with Neutrality at first

◦The Atomic Bomb

◦ Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
◦ Ended the war with Japan
◦ Why did Truman do it? 🡪 Lessen casualties. “End

the war, save American lives.”

Multiple Choice

How did methods of warfare in WWII differ from those in WWI?

• Soldiers spent most of their time in trenches to avoid machine-gun fire.
• Because of a shortage of manpower, women fought overseas in combat roles.
• German submarines frequently attacked British and US shipping.
• Airplane, tank, and troop movements were coordinated for rapid advances.

Multiple Choice

Why was the D-Day invasion in June 1944 important to the outcome of World War II?    

• It stopped Soviet advances in Eastern Europe.
• It forced Italy to surrender
• It opened a new Allied front in Europe.
• It avoided the use of atomic weapons.

Multiple Choice

What was the effect of the United States' use of atomic weapons in the war in the Pacific?

• The use of atomic weapons resulted in a massive "kamikaze"-style counter-offensive from the Japanese military.
• It gave the U.S. military a base from which it could launch an invasion of mainland Japan.
• It brought about the unconditional surrender of Germany and stopped the Soviet Union from occupying Berlin.
• It brought about the unconditional surrender of Japan and ended the Second World War.

Multiple Choice

The American campaign to defeat the Japanese shown in the map above was known as

• island blitzkrieg
• shock and awe in the islands
• island hopping
• island trenching

Multiple Choice

What was the name for the German tactic of overwhelming your enemy with force? 

• Kristallnacht
• Schmetterling
• Blitzkrieg 
• Bombardierung

Multiple Choice

The U.S. Navy sunk four Japanese aircraft carriers at this battle.

• Coral Sea
• Stalingrad
• Midway
• Invasion of Normandy

Multiple Choice

The turning point on the Eastern Front.

• Midway
• Invasion of Sicily
• El Alamein
• Stalingrad

Multiple Choice

This battle's code name was Operation Overlord.

• Stalingrad
• Invasion of Sicily
• Invasion of Normandy
• Midway

Multiple Choice

What is the turning point in the Pacific Theater?

• Battle of Coral Sea
• Battle of Midway
• Battle of Stalingrad
• Battle of El Alamein

End of the War

◦Nuremberg Trials

◦Charged high level Axis powers with crimes
◦Set precedent for punishment and execution of war
crimes

◦The Big Three

◦Meeting between the three main Allied Powers
leaders: FDR (USA), Churchill (Britain), and Stalin
(Soviet Russia)
◦United Nations created – stop global war and
genocide
◦Germany divided – would play a role in the Cold War
◦Consequences not as strict as post WWI

Post WWII US

◦GI BILL 🡪 provides money and

resources for veterans. Results in:

◦ White flight – mass migration of whites to

suburbs

◦ Loans to start businesses, buy homes, go to

college

◦ Baby boom – population explosion!
◦ Levittown – affordable and easily constructed

houses in suburbs

◦Culture:

◦ Suburbs
◦ Cars – even more affordable
◦ Interstate highway Act – connects the country

with highways

◦ Airconditioning – changes the South!

Explanation Slide...

Roosevelt signed the GI Bill in 1944. The Japanese surrendered to the Allies in 1945. Half a million Americans earned a college degree by 1950. The Civil Rights movement erupted in the mid-1950s.

Reorder

Reorder the following (from the first 1 to the last 4).

• Roosevelt signs the GI Bill.

• Japan surrenders to the Allies.

• 500,000 Americans earn college degrees.

• The Civil Rights Movement erupts.

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

Which aspects of American life in the 1950s is shown in this picture?

•  growth of the elderly population

• effects of suburbanization

•  decreasing use of automobiles

• declining importance of the media

Multiple Choice

Which factor directly contributed to the post–World War II development of the Suburb shown in the picture?

• rise in the birth rate

•  decrease in school construction

•  decline in the availability of home loans

• increase in the number of women in the labor force

What is the Cold

War?

◦Tensions are high after WWII 🡪
Russia is mad we didn’t share
atomic bomb!
◦A conflict between Democratic
US and Communist Russia arise
◦Change from isolationism 🡪
Truman plan = troops on
ground, Marshall plan = money
for countries!
◦Fear of Communism: the Red
Scare! Spurred by people like
McCarthy.

TRUMAN DOCTRINE

US would intervene and aid
nations overseas to resist

communism

MARSHALL PLAN

◦US would give money
to help nations rebuild
after WWII

◦Tried to prevent
communism from
spreading

Cold War Begins

◦Goal of US 🡪 stop spread of
communism through policy of
CONTAINMENT
◦Domino Theory 🡪 If one country
falls to communism the countries
around it will follow
◦US forms allies 🡪 NATO
(isolationism is done!)
◦Russia forms allies 🡪 Warsaw Pact

Korean War

◦Korea split at 38th parallel.

◦N. Korea = Communist
◦S. Korea = Democracy

◦US and United Nations send
troops to aid the South Koreans
◦China jumps in to help North
Korea
◦Ends in stalemate
◦Fought to stop the spread of
communism!
◦Containment =
SUCCESS

Vietnam War

◦Like Korean War
◦Fought to contain
communism!
◦N. Vietnam = Communist,
S. Vietnam = Democracy
◦Public opinion turns
against war
◦Containment =
FAILURE

Kennedy’s New Frontier

◦ His slogan to gain support, later used as his

domestic and foreign programs title. A new
frontier of unknown opportunities and
perils!

◦ Another Cold Warrior – adopts the policy

of containment

◦ Bay of pigs

◦ Kennedy authorized invasion of Cuba to overthrow

communist dictator Fidel Castro

◦ Huge failure and embarrassment for US

◦ Cuban Missile Crisis

◦ Soviets placed nukes in Cuba, US and USSR were on brink of

Nuclear War

◦ Soviets removed nukes when US promised not to invade

Cuba

Johnson’s Great Society

◦Very similar to FDR’s new deal: committed to
poverty reform and made the government
bigger

◦Civil Rights Act (1964) – accelerated civil
rights progress
◦Voting Rights Act (1965) – literacy tests
illegal
◦Medicare – aid for the elderly and disabled
◦Medicaid – aid for low income
◦Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – gave the US
President more power when declaring war

Public Opinion

◦ Extensive media coverage of Vietnam shifts

public opinion 🡪 huge role!

◦ Causes LBJ to lose reelection!

◦ Hawks (pro war) vs. Doves (anti war)
◦ Mai Lai Massacre – covered by media, US

military massacre of Vietnam village

◦ Kent State – Anti-war protest, resulted in

four deaths of University Students

◦ Counterculture – movement that began by

opposing war in Vietnam

◦ Roe v Wade (1973) – Landmark Supreme

Court Decision, legalized choice of abortion

Nixon

◦ Plan for Vietnam 🡪 Vietnamization

◦ Let Vietnam gradually take back control and run

things themselves. Descale US involvement.

◦ Plan at home

◦ Regain stability in US with ‘law and order’
◦ Pentagon papers – showed US had lied about

progress of Vietnam War. Increased credibility gap
between government and public. (Government
seen as untrustworthy!)

◦ Refused to call Vietnam a failed war
◦ Clean Water Air and Endangered Species Acts –

signed by Nixon, landmark bills for environment!

◦ Nixon and LBJ

◦ Disagreed on issues in poverty
◦ Nixon wanted to limit size of Government unlike

LBJ

Explanation Slide...

READ THE QUESTIONa political strategy by the Nixon administration to transfer military responsibility from allied forces to South Vietnamese forces: This option is correct. Vietnamization was a policy introduced by President Richard Nixon in the late 1960s, aiming to shift the burden of combat operations from U.S. and allied forces to the South Vietnamese military. It involved the withdrawal of American troops and increased support for the South Vietnamese government and military to take on a greater role in defending their country.a diplomatic strategy pursued by the international community to reunite North and South Vietnam: This option is incorrect. Vietnamization did not focus on diplomatic efforts to reunite North and South Vietnam but rather on military tactics and political strategies within the context of the Vietnam War.a military strategy by the allied forces to bring total war to both North and South Vietnam: This option is incorrect. Vietnamization was not about escalating military engagement but rather about reducing the direct involvement of U.S. forces in the conflict and shifting responsibility to South Vietnamese forces.a military and political strategy of the Chinese government to seize control of Vietnam by forcing out the South Vietnamese forces: This option is incorrect. Vietnamization was a policy of the United States, not China, and it aimed to empower South Vietnamese forces rather than overthrowing them.Based on this analysis, the correct answer is a political strategy by the Nixon administration to transfer military responsibility from allied forces to South Vietnamese forces.

Multiple Choice

Which definition BEST explains the concept of “Vietnamization”?

• a political strategy by the Nixon administration to transfer military responsibility from allied forces to South Vietnamese forces

• a diplomatic strategy pursued by the international community to reunite North and South Vietnam

• a military strategy by the allied forces to bring total war to both North and South Vietnam

• a military and political strategy of the Chinese government to seize control of Vietnam by forcing out the South Vietnamese forces

Explanation Slide...

READ THE QUESTIONgender rights: This option is incorrect. While songs addressing gender rights were certainly present during this time period, the songs mentioned, such as "Fortunate Son" and "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die Rag," primarily focused on political and social issues related to the Vietnam War era rather than gender rights.the death penalty: This option is incorrect. While the death penalty was a topic of debate during the Vietnam War era, the songs mentioned, like "Fortunate Son" and "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die Rag," centered more specifically on the anti-war sentiment and protest movements of the time.political corruption: This option is incorrect. While political corruption was certainly a concern during the Vietnam War era, the songs mentioned primarily focused on the anti-war movement and the socio-political context of the time rather than political corruption specifically.the anti-Vietnam War protests: This option is correct. Songs like "Fortunate Son" by Creedence Clearwater Revival, "Give Peace a Chance" by John Lennon, and "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die Rag" by Country Joe and the Fish were prominent examples of music that addressed and protested against the Vietnam War. They captured the anti-war sentiment and were popular anthems of the anti-Vietnam War protests.Based on this analysis, the correct answer is the anti-Vietnam War protests.

Multiple Choice

Songs like "Fortunate Son" by Creedence Clearwater Revival, "Give Peace a Chance" by John Lennon, and "I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die Rag" by Country Joe and the Fish were just three popular songs (out of hundreds) that dealt with

• gender rights.

• the death penalty.

• political corruption.

• the anti-Vietnam War protests.

Explanation Slide...

READ THE QUESTIONGerald Ford: This option is incorrect. Gerald Ford was president after Richard Nixon and did not play a significant role in normalizing relations with China.Jimmy Carter: This option is incorrect. Jimmy Carter was president after Gerald Ford and also did not play a significant role in normalizing relations with China.Ronald Reagan: This option is incorrect. Ronald Reagan became president after Jimmy Carter and did not initiate the normalization of relations with China.Richard Nixon: This option is correct. Richard Nixon is credited with first normalizing relations with China. In 1972, during Nixon's presidency, he made a historic visit to China, which led to the normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. This visit was a significant diplomatic breakthrough in the Cold War era.Based on this analysis, the correct answer is Richard Nixon.

Multiple Choice

Which President is credited with first normalizing relations with China?

• Gerald Ford

• Jimmy Carter

• Ronald Reagan

• Richard Nixon

Civil Rights Movement

◦ Leaders

◦ MLK – nonviolent leader, practiced

civil disobedience like bus boycotts
and sit-ins

◦ Malcolm X – did not care for civil

disobedience, violence was an option

◦ Freedom Riders – fought for bus desegregation
◦ Freedom Summer – mass voter registration for

African Americans

◦ Montgomery Bus Boycott – spurred by Rosa Parks

Multiple Choice

What court case made segregation of schools illegal in the 1950s?

• Guzman V. School

• Brown V. Board of Education

• Miranda V. Arizona

• Plessy V. Ferguson

Multiple Choice

What organization created by W.E.B. Dubois sought immediate equality for minorities?

• WAC

• HUAC

• NAACP

• SNCC

Multiple Choice

What movement during the 1920s helped inspire the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s?

• Great Migration

• Prohibition

• NAACP

• Harlem Renaissance

Multiple Choice

What group during the Civil Rights Movement allowed members to use all necessary means to defend and provide for their community?

• Southern Peace Corps

• NAACP

• SNCC

• Black Panthers

Multiple Choice

During which event did Eisenhower send troops to Arkansas in order to desegregate a high school?

• Tuskegee Airmen

• Little Rock Nine

• Atomic Bombs

• Flying Tigers

Multiple Choice

What acts of protest during the Civil Rights Movement encouraged the government to expand political and economic opportunities for minority citizens?

• March on Washington, Freedom Rides, Greensboro Sit-In, Montgomery Bus Boycott

• Black Panthers

• Mass Support Demonstrations

• Little Rock Nine

Multiple Choice

What group/individuals sought to improve the treatment of migrant workers through boycotts and strikes?

• SNCC, Martin Luther King

• Black Panthers, Newton

• United Farm Workers Union, Dolores Huerta & Cesar Chavez

• Immigration Union, Dolores Huerta & Cesar Chavez

Multiple Choice

What happened as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the 24^th Amendment?

• Expanded the political and economic opportunities for minorities

• Decreased the political and economic opportunities for minorities