Last Lecture

DATA MINING TECHNOLOGIES

A little quiz about the video

Reorder

Put the steps in the correct order

• Defining the question

• Collecting the data

• Cleaning the data

• Analyzing the data

• Sharing the results

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

What is the main goal of defining the objective in data analysis?

• To track problem points in the business

• To understand the business goals

• To analyze historical data

• To identify future trends

Multiple Choice

What is the key part of collecting data?

• Identifying the problem

• Cleaning the data

• Aggregating the data

• Determining which data you need

Multiple Choice

What is first-party data?

• Data collected from social media

• Data collected from open sources

• Data collected from various sources

• Data collected directly from customers

Multiple Choice

Which type of data is collected from sources other than the data user?

• First party data

• Second party data

• Third party data

• Unstructured data

Multiple Choice

What is the key task in cleaning data to ensure high quality?

• Adding more errors

• Introducing outliers

• Removing duplicates

• Including irrelevant observations

Multiple Choice

When should data cleaning be performed in the data analysis process?

• After defining the question

• After analyzing the data

• Before collecting the data

• Before defining the question

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of predictive analysis?

• Identifying future trends

• Understanding why something has happened

• Identifying what has already happened

• Analyzing historical data

Multiple Choice

What is the primary goal of diagnostic analysis?

• Identifying future trends

• Understanding why something has happened

• Identifying what has already happened

• Analyzing historical data

A little quiz about data mining in general

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a data mining task?

• Classification

• Regression

• Clustering

• Linear Programming

Multiple Choice

What are the functions of Data Mining?

• 1. Association and correctional analysis classification

• 1. Cluster analysis and Evolution analysis

• 1. Prediction and characterization

• 1. All of the above

Multiple Choice

Which industry can benefit from data mining?

• Retail

• Finance/Banking

• Manufacturing

• All of these

Match

Match the following

• Data Mining

• Data Visualization

• Descriptive Analytics

• Predictive Analytics

• Correlation

The use of data analysis tools and techniques to gather, store, analyze, and present business inform

Presenting data in a visual format, such as charts, graphs, or dashboards.

The process of analyzing historical data to gain insights into past events or trends.

Using historical data and statistical modeling techniques to make predictions or forecasts.

The statistical relationship between two or more variables, indicating how they are related.

• The use of data analysis tools and techniques to gather, store, analyze, and present business inform

• Presenting data in a visual format, such as charts, graphs, or dashboards.

• The process of analyzing historical data to gain insights into past events or trends.

• Using historical data and statistical modeling techniques to make predictions or forecasts.

• The statistical relationship between two or more variables, indicating how they are related.

Match

Match the following

• Data Cleansing

• Data Integration

• Business Intelligence (BI)

The process of identifying and correcting errors, inconsistencies, or inaccuracies in a dataset.

Combining data from multiple sources or systems to create a unified view for analysis.

1. The overall management and control of data assets within an organization.

• The process of identifying and correcting errors, inconsistencies, or inaccuracies in a dataset.

• Combining data from multiple sources or systems to create a unified view for analysis.

• 1. The overall management and control of data assets within an organization.

A little quiz about Linear Regression

Multiple Choice

what is the formula for linear regression?

• y=mx+b

• a^2+b^2=c^2

• (1/2)(b)(h)

Match

$$Y\ =\ \beta_0+\beta_1x$$

See the equation above, Match the following

• Y

• $$\beta_0$$

• $$\beta_1$$

• x

Target Variable

Intercept

Slope

Predictor Variable

• Target Variable

• Intercept

• Slope

• Predictor Variable

Multiple Choice

The scatter plot below shows the number of books read by students in Mrs. Hall’s English class and their final grades. Which statement represents the best description about the line of best fit?

• The more books students read, the lower their English grade.

• The more books students read, the higher their English grade.

• The fewer books students read, the higher their English grade.

• No relationship exists between the number of books students read and their English grades.

Multiple Choice

Data is analyzed comparing hours studied and grades. It is determined that the correlation coefficient is 0.92. What does this mean?

• There is a strong positive correlation between studying and grades.

• There is a strong negative correlation between studying and grades.

• There is a weak positive correlation between studying and grades.

• There is a weak negative correlation between studying and grades.

Multiple Choice

Which graph most clearly shows a negative correlation between the x- and y−values?

Multiple Choice

Which graph most clearly shows a no correlation between the x- and y−values?

Multiple Choice

What is the y-intercept in the following equation:  y= -5 - 4x

• -4
• -4x
• 5
• -5

Multiple Choice

What is the slope in the following equation:  y=6 - 2/3x

• 2/3
• 6
• -6
• -2/3

Multiple Choice

What does "b" represent in y=a + bx?

• y-intercept
• slope
• macaroni
• nothing

Multiple Choice

What is least-squares line used for?

• To make predictions
• To make the graph look pretty
• To connect the points
• To make it look like you know what you are doing

Multiple Choice

What does the slope mean in this context?

• People type at a speed of -1.4 words per minute

• For every year passed, your typing speed decreases by 1.4 word per minute

• The fastest person types at 117.8 words per minute

• For every word typed, -1.4 minutes go by

A little quiz about Logistic Regression

Multiple Choice

Logistic Regression is a linear classifier

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Is the following true: Using the formula for logistic regression, the line is seen as the best fit (similar to linear regression)

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Logistic Regression returns probabilities

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What is a logistic function?

• $$f(z)=1/(1+e^{-z})$$

• $$f(z)=1/(1+e^z)$$

• $$f(z)=1/(1+e^{-z})+1/(1+e^{-z})$$

• $$1/(1+e^{-z})-\ 1/(1+e^{-z})$$

Multiple Choice

A die is rolled once.  What is the probability of rolling a number less than 3? Your answer should be a fraction in simplest form.

• 1/3
• 2/6
• 3/6
• 1/6

Multiple Choice

What is true in a Logistic Model?

• It has a bell-shape graph and its values ranges from -1 to 1

• It has a narrow bell-shape graph and its values ranges from -2 to 2

• It has an s-shape and its values ranges from 0 to 1

• It has parabolic-shape graph and its values ranges from 0 to 2

Multiple Choice

What is the goal of Cluster Analysis?

• To maximize the dissimilarity of observations within a cluster and maximize the similarity between clusters

• To maximize the similarity of observations within a cluster and maximize the dissimilarity between clusters

• To minimize the dissimilarity of observations within a cluster and maximize the similarity between clusters

• To minimize the similarity of observations within a cluster and maximize the dissimilarity between clusters

Multiple Choice

What are the most common applications of Clustering?

• market and image segmentation

• market segmentation only

• image segmentation only

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the distinct difference between Classification and Clustering?

• Classification predicts a numerical output , given input data while Clustering groups data points based on similarities among them and differences from others

• Classification predicts an output category, given input data while Clustering groups data points based on dissimilarities among them and similarities from others

• Classification predicts an output category, given input data while Clustering groups data points based on similarities among them and differences from others

A little quiz about DM vocab

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct statement:

• R-squared should be used to compare the models.

• R squared can be interpreted as the percentage of variation of y that is explained by the model.

• R squared can decrease if correlation between y and additional x is zero.

• The lower the R-squared, the better the model is.

Multiple Select

Nominal data

• Do not have a natural order

• Blood type one of nominal data

• Relate to ranking

• Socio economic is call as nominal data

Multiple Select

Ordinal data commonly

• two different value is meaningful

• Temperature one of ordinal data

• Has all the properties of an variable

• Pulse is ordinal data

Multiple Choice

Numeric and measurable types of data such as height, age, scores, cost are called __________

• qualitative

• quantitative

Multiple Choice

Categorical data such as eye color and birthplace is called __________

• qualitative

• quantitative

Multiple Select

What are the three measures of central tendency? (Check all the apply)

• range

• median

• quartile

• mode

• mean

Multiple Choice

The number that occurs most often in a data set is called the __________

• mean

• median

• mode

• range

Multiple Choice

The middle number in an ordered set of data is called the ___________

• mean

• median

• mode

• range

Multiple Choice

The average is called the __________

• mean

• median

• mode

• range

Multiple Choice

What is the mean of the data set below?
10, 15, 7, 8, 4, 5, 8, 3

• 60
• 7.5
• 7
• 8

Multiple Choice

What is the median of the data set below?
10, 15, 7, 8, 4, 5, 8, 3

• 7
• 6
• 7.5
• 8

Multiple Choice

How many months is the temperature 70° or above in Dallas?

• 2
• 4
• 7
• 6

A little math quiz

Multiple Choice

• The sales of chocolate dropped drastically followed by another notable drop to 10%. It then skyrocketed in April at 50% before dropping moderately to 40%

• Chocolate sales took a nosedive in February from 70% to 20% and it decreased yet again quite reasonably before plunging significantly in April. However, the sales dwindled again to 40% in the last month

• The sales of chocolate descended substantially to 20% in February. This is followed by another moderate reduction of 10% before the sales boomed to 50% and went down slightly again in the last month.

• The percentage of chocolate sales plunged considerably in the first 2 months and suffered another substantial fall in the next month. It then recovered with a steady climb before it dipped slightly to 40% in May

Multiple Choice

If Gold's Gym paid $250 for each TV, how many did they buy?

• 35
• 30
• 45
• 20

Multiple Choice

Based on this scatterplot, approximately what score should a student with 6 absences expect
to receive on the final exam?

• 65
• 92
• 67
• 76

Multiple Choice

What is the equation for the trend line for this data?

• y= -23x+25
• y=18x+442
• y= -18x+380
• y=23x+25

Multiple Select

• In the 14-18 age group, the preference for biscuits, chocolate and ice cream all ranged below 55%. The difference between potato chip and biscuits preference was quite small at 20% compared to with ice cream at a large percentage of 40%.

• In the 9-13 age group, those who prefer chocolate showed the highest percentage at 50% which the lowest was potato chips at only 30%. The percentage of those who preferred chocolate in this age group was the same as in the 4-8 age group at 50%

• In the 4-8 age group,those liking potato chips recorded the lowest percentage at 20% while those who preferred ice cream triumphed with the highest percentage of 70%. The range of preference for biscuits and potato chips was lower than 35%

Multiple Choice

What is the equation of the line of best fit?

• y= 2x+3

• y=3x+2

• y= $$\frac{1}{2}x\ +3$$

• y= $$-\frac{1}{2}x\ +3$$

Multiple Choice

What is the equation of the line of best fit

• y= -2x + 10

• y= 10x+ 2

• y=2x+10

• y= 10

Multiple Choice

Write the linear regression equation for the following data points. Round to the nearest hundredth.

• $$y=-0.83x+0.61$$

• $$y=-0.83x+0.63$$

• $$y=0.83x+-0.8$$

• $$a^2+b^2=c^2$$

Multiple Choice

A restaurant sells pizza for the prices in the data table. Calculate the linear regression equation of the data.

• y = 1.5x + 12

• y = 12x + 1.5

• y = 0.67x - 8

• y = -8x + 0.67

Draw

Draw a no correlation of variables