Spring Semester Final Exam Review

Spring Semester 2023-24

FINAL EXAM REVIEW​

Multiple Choice

The Canadian province of Quebec has its own autonomous government, its own borders, and even its own language.

Quebec is an example of which type of region?

• International region

• Perceptual region

• Functional region

• Formal region

• Formal regions are uniform areas where everyone shares something in common like the same language, same climate, or control by the same government.

• described as any geographic location with clearly delineated boundaries whose area is established

• There is no disagreement over the area a formal region occupies.

Formal Regions

Multiple Choice

The Midwest is traditionally considered to include only five states of the Great Lakes region (Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin). However, some people define it to include states of the Great Plains (such as Iowa and Missouri) as well.

The Midwest is an example of which type of region?

• Natural resource region

• Perceptual region

• Functional region

• Formal region

Perceptual regions are based on people's perception (or, opinion).

• Some people believe the Midwest is only the region in orange.

• Other people believe the Midwest includes both the orange and the blue areas.

Perceptual Regions

Multiple Choice

What characteristic is common to all the countries located in the shaded region on this map?

• A warm climate

• Coniferous forests

• The widespread practice of Hinduism

• The use of a romance language

Latitude - or distance from the equator - plays the biggest role in determining a region's climate.

Regions near the Equator are typically warmer.
Regions near the North Pole and South Pole are colder.

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​Latitude & Climate

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes what is shown in the map above?

• Asia relied on South America to provide its people with sugar and rice.

• Food, animals, and diseases went back and forth between the Old and New Worlds.

• The nations that traded with one another did not have to worry about the spread of disease.

• Both the Old and New Worlds transferred new and deadly diseases.

• Christopher Columbus first landed in the Americas in 1492.

• Columbus claimed many lands in the New World for Spain.

• ​As the Old World and New World interacted more, foods, animals, and even diseases were exchanged between the two regions.

The Columbian Exchange

Multiple Choice

Which of the following accurately describes a contribution of Christopher Columbus to history?

• His voyages prompted a large-scale global diffusion of plants, animals, and culture.

• His interactions with Kublai Khan were the foundation for European trade with China.

• His journeys proved there was a northern sea route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

• His aggressive tactics forced the Japanese to acquiesce and allow Western powers to trade in Japan.

• To "diffuse" means to spread something from one place to another.

• Following Columbus's travels to the Americas, new goods, ideas, and diseases spread between the Old and New Worlds.

• What types of things are being culturally diffused today?

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Cultural Diffusion

Multiple Choice

In what way has modern technology affected global society?

• by reducing the effects of social change

• by reinforcing traditional values and customs

• by increasing the speed and extent of cultural diffusion

• by preventing the spread of democracy to developing nations

• ​With technologies such as the internet and A.I., the world's different regions are becoming more connected.

• This has led to greater and faster cultural diffusion.

  • Just using a cell phone, student in the United States can:

    • watch a TV show from Japan or Turkey

    • listen to music from Korea or Nigeria

    • download a recipe from Honduras

    • read a newspaper from France
      

Technology & Cultural Diffusion

Multiple Choice

This picture is an example of -

• cultural divergence, since the Chinese Starbucks has a different architectural style than Starbucks stores in the U.S.

• cultural convergence, as American businesses begin to influence people in other regions with U.S. products

• cultural divergence, because the Chinese who are at this Starbucks all wear western clothing

• cultural convergence, because Chinese consumers prefer coffee drinks instead of tea

• Converge means "come together."

• Cultural convergence happens when cultures from two different regions come together.

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Cultural Convergence

Multiple Choice

The reason Spanish is spoken in much of Central and South America today is that -

• many wealthy Central and South Americans send their children to Spain to receive an education.

• the Spanish Empire was once the dominant colonial power in those regions.

• Spain provides more foreign aid and investment to this region than any other country.

• indigenous cultures enjoyed a long mutually beneficial relationship with the Spanish Empire.

• Following Columbus's travels, Spain established colonies in many parts of the world.

• The Spanish language was diffused to these areas as a result.

The Spanish Empire

Multiple Choice

What is the primary motivation for people to immigrate to the United States from Central and South America?

• natural disasters

• religious persecution

• communist oppression

• economic opportunities

Multiple Choice

Which of the following causal factors has contributed the most to the rise in global refugee populations during the 20th and 21st centuries?

• famine

• desertification

• war and conflict

• the rise of fascism

Multiple Choice

Humans can cause rapid changes in their environment, which, in turn, can lead to catastrophic events. One example of this would be -

• changing seasonal winds resulting in widespread flooding in an area.

• highway construction along a mountainside causing a landslide.

• shifting crustal plates causing a massive earthquake.

• a series of lightning strikes resulting in a forest fire.

Multiple Choice

"Life in my village is rapidly changing. In the 1960's, a road was built through the center of the village to carry iron ore from the mines to ports some 50 miles away. Soon, we were introduced to new products and eventually electricity. Today, we drink soda out of plastic cups, watch television with our families, and go to the cinema."

What conclusion can be drawn from this statement?

• Job opportunities are scarce in villages.

• Technology eliminates cultural traditions.

• Modernization often significantly alters village life.

• Transportation technology has little effect on villages.

Multiple Choice

Which factor played a significant role in the development of ancient river valley civilizations?

• Tropical rainforests

• Petroleum reserves

• Arid climate

• Fertile Soil

Multiple Choice

In a traditional society, individuals are most likely to -

• work in large industrialized cities.

• suffer due to economic regulation.

• find employment in government offices.

• have the same occupation as their parents.

​People produce goods and services that family and the community need to survive.
People perform the same jobs their families did.
Jobs are done the same way past generations did them.

Traditional Economies

Multiple Choice

Sustainable development can best be described as

• enacting laws to prevent water pollution.

• using resources to meet current and future needs.

• dependence on non-renewable resources.

• eliminating development in less developed nations.

• a way of growing and developing that aims to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same

• creating a society where resources and living conditions meet human needs without damaging the planet

Sustainable development

Multiple Choice

Which of the following technological innovations is vital to agriculture in desert regions?

• solar power

• irrigation

• wind power

• terracing

• Growing food can still be accomplished in areas that don't receive a lot of rainfall.

• Farmers irrigate the land by diverting water from nearby lakes or rivers.

• Irrigation makes it possible to farm in areas that are dry.

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​Agriculture in the desert

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an environmental benefit of public transportation?

• elimination of carbon emissions

• increase in the use of solar power

• reduction in gasoline consumption

• decrease in the use of nuclear power

Multiple Choice

This map shows the member nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Which region of the world is home to the greatest number of OPEC member nations?

• Oceania

• Middle East

• Western Europe

• Central America

• ​56% of the earth's petroleum is found in the Middle East.

  • This region has the largest number of countries belonging to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

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Petroleum & the Middle East

Multiple Choice

MAJOR LANGUAGES: Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian (Khmer), Thai, Burmese, Indonesian, Malay, Tagalog, English, Mandarin, Chinese, Hindi, Tamil, and Portuguese

MAJOR RELIGIONS: Buddhism, Christianity (Catholicism), Islam, Hinduism, and traditional religions

LAND USE: rice paddy agriculture, stilt houses

OTHER CUSTOMS & TRADITIONS: rich artistic legacy, cultural diffusion from either China or India

Which of the following is the best title for the list above?

• Southeast Asian Religion

• Elements of Government in Southeast Asia

• The ESPN of Southeast Asia

• Countries of Southeast Asia: An Overview

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would a sociologist interested in Indian culture most likely study?

• India's nuclear weapons facilities

• India's parliamentary government

• The influence of Hinduism on life in India

• The role of agriculture in the economy of India

​What is culture?

Culture involves all the things we do in our day-to-day lives.
EXAMPLES:

• Religions we practice

• Music we listen to

• Games & sports we play

• The way we dress

• Foods we eat

• Languages we speak