Ecological Relationships

Interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition, among organisms

AND

Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems

Ecological Relationships

Relationship Cheat Sheet

Mutualism

Commensalism

Parasitism

Predation

Competition

There are 3 major relationship types:

• Predation

• Competition

• Symbiosis

​

3 Major Relationship Types

Multiple Select

What are the 3 major relationship types?

• Mutualism

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Symbiosis

The predator-pray relationship

​involves one organism surviving by consuming another. Think:

Happy face - Dead face.

Predation

The competitive relationship

​involves 2 organisms competing for resources. "Resources" includes:

• Shelter/space (Inter- or intra-species)

• Food (Also inter- or intra-species)

• Mates (Only intra-species)

Think:

Both - Game on faces.

​

​Competition

2 organisms living in (usually) long-term close physical association. ONE ALWAYS BENEFITS!

3 types:

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

Symbiosis

Match

Match the following

• Competition

• Predator-Pray

• Symbiosis

A lion and a hyena pack fight over a fresh kill.

An anteater consuming the ants in an anthill

Bacteria in our gut that helps us digest food

• A lion and a hyena pack fight over a fresh kill.

• An anteater consuming the ants in an anthill

• Bacteria in our gut that helps us digest food

Both organisms benefit!

Examples:

• Bacteria in our gut

• Clownfish and sea anemones

• Lichen (algae and bacteria)

​Happy face - Happy face.

​Mutualism

One organism benefits, the other is unaffected.

Examples:

• Cattle egret and cows

• Shark and rhemora

​Happy face - I don't careface.

​Commensalism

One organism benefits, the other is harmed.

Examples:

• Flea on dog

• Tapeworm in gut

​Happy face - Sad face.

​Parasitism

Match

Match the following

• Beneficial bacteria in our gut

• Bacterial infection in an open wound

• Bacteria on our skin

• Different bacteria filling in any open space first

• Shellfish feading on bacteria through filtration

Mutualism

Parasitism

Commensalism

Competition

Predation

• Mutualism

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Predation

Multiple Choice

Organisms that have to eat other organisms are called

• producers

• autotrophs

• consumers

• prey

Multiple Choice

An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(n)

• autotroph

• heterotroph

• producer

Multiple Choice

An organism that gets energy from breaking down dead organisms, non-living material or waste is a(an) ___________.

• producer
• consumer
• decomposer
• autotroph

Multiple Choice

What does the root "bio" mean...

• living

• nonliving

• toxic

• variety

Multiple Choice

What does the root "diversity" mean...

• living

• nonliving

• toxic

• variety

Multiple Choice

High biodiversity is 

• having a lot of the same organism.
• having a few of the same organism.
• having a lot of variety of different organisms.
• only having one of each organism. 

Multiple Choice

Which ecosystem is more likely to survive a change in the environment?

• One with High biodiversity

• One with Low biodiversity

Multiple Choice

According to the image, what is the producer?

• plant

• insect

• mouse

• snake

Multiple Choice

What are "producers" producing?

• the energy for the food chain

• the insects for the food chain

Multiple Choice

The process of plants using energy from the sun to create the first trophic level is called?

• Photosynthesis
• Chemosynthesis
• Cellular Respiratation
• Primary Producers

Multiple Choice

Another word for producer is

• autotroph

• heterotroph

• carnivore

• decomposer

Multiple Choice

remains of something that was once alive

• biota

• organic matter

• parent material

• sediment

Multiple Choice

process that changes once-living material into organic matter

• biota

• parent material

• decomposition

• pore

Multiple Choice

A(n) _____ is an animal that eats both plants and animals.

A(n) _____ is an animal that eats dead plants and animals.

• detritivore, omnivore

• omnivore, detritivore

• carnivore, herbivore

• herbivore, carnivore

Multiple Choice

What unit is energy measured in?

• Newtons 
• Joules 
• Grams 
• Volts

Multiple Choice

What are tiny organisms that float near the surface of the water?

• plankton
• organisms
• abiotic factor
• insects

Multiple Choice

Plankton that uses photosynthesis:

• Phytoplankton
• Zooplankton

Multiple Choice

Drifting animals in the ocean

• Phytoplankton

• Zooplankton

• Diatoms

• Algae

Multiple Choice

What is pesticides?

• Pesticides are compounds used to control pests.

• Pesticides are natural components of crop production.

• Pesticides are the balance of nature.

• Pesticides are chemical components of crop production.

Multiple Choice

Increase in amount of a chemical in organisms as you move up a food chain

• Biomagnefication

• 10% Rule

• Bioaccumulation

• Metabolism

Multiple Choice

What are the potential dangers of biomagnification in food chains?

• Increased biodiversity in the ecosystem

• Decreased levels of pollution in the environment

• Enhanced nutrient cycling in the food chain

• Toxins becoming more concentrated as they move up the food chain

Multiple Choice

The word "primary" means "first."

If that's true, what does primary consumer mean?

Hint: look carefully at the food chain!

• the first organism in a food chain

• the first organism that consumes something else for energy

Multiple Choice

What kind of organisms are usually primary consumers?

• plants

• herbivores

• carnivores

Multiple Choice

A secondary consumer

• Only eats meat

• Only eats plants

• makes its own food

• eats the primary consumer

Multiple Choice

tertiary consumers

• Eat the primary consumer

• Eat plants and animals

• Consume the producer

• eat the secondary consumer

Multiple Choice

a producer always

• eats other producers

• gets energy from the sun

• is a herbivore

• is a plant

Multiple Choice

When one organism eats another organism.

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Predation

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

When two organisms fight for the same resource

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Predation

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

When one organism benefits while the other organism is neither helped or hurt.

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Predation

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

When both organisms benefits.

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Predation

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

When one organism benefits while the other organism is hurt.

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Predation

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship shown?

• Predation

• Commensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

Match

Match the following

Predation

Symbiosis

Commensalism

Parasitism

• Predation

• Symbiosis

• Commensalism

• Parasitism

Multiple Choice

A group of particular organisms that belong to the same species that live in the same habitat is known as a:

• Population
• Ecosystem
• Community
• Biome