Saturday Camp EOC review

Saturday Camp EOC review

Biology STAAR 2021

Cells/Viruses

Multiple Choice

Methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles, are some of the most primitive life forms found on Earth and thrive in very harsh environments. These unicellular, prokaryotic organisms most likely belong to which of the following kingdoms?

• Fungi

• Eubacteria

• Protista

• Archaebacteria

Multiple Choice

The two Kingdoms Fungi and Plantae share which characteristic in common?

• They are belong to Domain Archaea

• They are motile (can move)

• They are decomposers

• They are made of Eukaryotic cells

Multiple Choice

What type of cell is this?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Multiple Choice

What type of cell is this?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

Multiple Choice

A multicellular organism can be classified as eukaryotic, based on the presence of a-

• capsid

• plasmid

• photon

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

The nucleus of eukaryotic cells is responsible for-

• cell transport

• protecting and storing genetic material

• the energy conversions of cellular respiration

• removing waste from the cell

Multiple Choice

A student collected water samples and looked under the microscope to see these cells. What do they belong to?

• Eukaryotic plant cell

• Prokaryotic plant cell

Multiple Choice

Which type of cell is this?

• Eukaryotic, plant

• Eukaryotic, animal

• Eukaryotic, bacteria

• Prokaryotic, bacteria

Multiple Choice

Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria?

• Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form glucose molecules.

• Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place.

• Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions.

• The energy in glucose molecules are transferred into ATP energy

Multiple Choice

Which molecule synthesized or made by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals ?

• Wax

• Nucleic acid

• Glucose

• Chlorophyll

Multiple Choice

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Solar energy is needed for cellular respiration but not for photosynthesis

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for both cellular respiration and photosynthesis

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for photosynthesis, and solar energy is needed for cellular respiration.

• Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.

Multiple Choice

Using a light microscope, a student identified the following characteristics of 4 organisms found in a sample of pond water.

Organism 1: single-celled, nucleus, large vacuole

Orgasm 2: single-celled,no nucleus,cell wall

Organism 3: single cells, no nucleus

Organism 4: single-celled, nucleus

Based on observations of the student, which organisms most likely belong to the taxonomic group for bacteria?

• organism 1 and 2

• organisms 3 and 4

• organisms 1 end 4

• organisms 2 and 3

Multiple Choice

Which of these best represents a lipid molecule that can be found in cell membranes?

• F

• G

• H

• J

Multiple Choice

Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?

• A. Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules

• B. Synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis

• C. active diffusion of molecules and energy conversions

• D. Homeostasis and transport of molecules

Multiple Choice

Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?

• Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient.

• Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient

• Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient

Multiple Choice

Students observe the changes in eggs that were placed in different solutions over 3 days. The egg in a distilled water solution, gained a lot of volume. The egg in high salt solute solution, shrank. Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane?

• The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell

• The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.

• The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.

• The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between viruses and cells?

• Cells are eukaryotic and viruses are prokaryotic

• Viruses have flagella and cells only have cilia

• Cells reproduce independently and viruses require a host to reproduce

• Viruses do not have genetic material and cells have DNA

Multiple Choice

The picture shows a 3D model of a virus called A bacteriophage, bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as E coli. In what way are bacteria and E coli alike ?

• They can reproduce on their own

• They contain a nucleus

• They are living

• They lack membrane-bound organelles

Multiple Choice

In the late 19th century, Dmitrii Iwanowski was investigating the cause of a mysterious disease of tobacco plants, that was spreading rapidly. He saw that the pathogen was much smaller in size compared to other microbes and it was discovered it needed a host cell to reproduce.Which pathogen was responsible for the disease in tobacco plants?

• A bacterium because it spread quickly

• A fungus because it infects plants

• A protist because it is smaller than most microbes

• A virus because it requires a host cell to reproduce

Multiple Choice

A student produces a labeled drawing of a virus for a presentation. The student states that the capsid has a function similar to the nuclear membrane (nucleus) found in animal cells. Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes (nucleus)?

• Both transport proteins through the structure.

• Both provide energy for activities in the structures.

• Both protect genetic information for the structures.

• Both code for the proteins needed for the

  reproduction of the structures.

Multiple Choice

A photograph of an enveloped virus is shown, the spike projections on the surface of this virus allow the

virus to-

• move inside a host cell

• attach to a host cell

• control a host cell's DNA

• signal other viruses to infect

  a host cell

Multiple Choice

Viruses are infectious and can be transmitted easily, once a virus attaches to a host cell membrane the virus -

• Deactivates the host cell's defenses by shrinking its cell membrane

• Synthesizes viral antibodies for defense against the cell

• Destroys its Genetic material and metabolizes host proteins to grow

• Releases DNA into the cell and accesses cellular machinery for replication.

Lytic Virus Example:

Chicken Pox

Symptoms start about a week after infection

Example of Lysogenic virus

HIV/AIDS

Symptoms can take months or years to show

Lysogenic virus example

Multiple Choice

Rabies is transmitted to humans from an animal bite. Symptoms appear in less than 5 days, if symptoms go untreated with a vaccine it is almost always deadly. From this description we can tell that this virus is-

• lysogenic, because the virus is quick to show symptoms

• lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects animals

• lytic, because the virus is caused by an animal bite

• lytic, because the onset quick onset of symptoms after infection

Multiple Choice

A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus HIV may not have any symptoms for a period of time, during this time the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?

• The virus produces toxins that weaken immune cells and prevent them from reproducing

• The virus damages immune cells while using their Machinery to produce copies of itself

• The virus uses nutrients meant for immune cells to fuel its own cellular respiration

• The virus changes the identity of the nucleotides of immune cells to prevent the immune system from functioning normally

THANKS FOR YOUR HARD WORK!

GOOD LUCK ON YOUR EOC!!!

YOU WILL DO GREAT!