Exposition Text and Modals for Grade 10 CJ

Exposition Text

Regular English Grade X

​Introduction

The definition of an exposition text: a text that elaborates the writer's opinion about a phenomenon/issuses happening around him/her

​Writing Purpose

An exposition text is written to persuade the readers that something is the case. To make it stronger, the writer gives some arguments to support his/her idea

Generic Structure

​Thesis

Introducing the topic and indicating the writer's point of view

​Reiteration

Arguments

Explaining the arguments to support the writer's point of view, supported with evidences and explanation

Restating the writer's point of view to strengthen the thesis

​Language Features

1. Simple Present Tense

2. Modals

Let's review what we have learned!

Answer the questions after this slide!

Multiple Choice

Below are the characteristics of an exposition text, EXCEPT

• containing the writer's arguments

• written to inform about the writer's place

• contains thesis, arguments and reiteration

• use simple present tense

Read the text and pay attention to how the writer connect the thesis, arguments and reiteration into one text.

​

Example 1

Multiple Choice

Which of the following may be the main idea/main writer's point of view?

• Eating breakfast for teenagers

• Eating breakfast is important for everyone

• Eating breakfast is bad for our health

• We can gain more weight if we eat breakfast

​Read the following text and pay attention to the difference compared to the first example

​

Example 2

Open Ended

What are the differences between text example 1 and 2?

Labelling

Label the text with the generic structure of an exposition text

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Conclusion

Reiteration

Argument 3

Argument 4

Argument 2

Title

Argument 1

Thesis

Categorize

Options (5)

If you don't have breakfast in the morning, you don't have supply of energy and nutrients

The poster encourages people not to have breakfast in the morning

People who go to work without breakfast will gain weight easily

If you don't have your breakfast in the morning, you'll seem fresh until midday.

Our breakfast consists of minerals, vitamins, and fibers

Move the sentences below into its correct categories based on the text

True

False

Do the listening task on moodle!

Meeting 2
Modals

Should, Should not, Should have + Verb 3​, Should not have + Verb 3

Should and Should not

​We use should and shouldn't to give suggestion, opinion and advice

Pattern:
a. S + should + verb 1 or S + should + be + adjective/adverb
b. S + shouldn't + verb 1 or S + shouldn't + be + adjective/adverb

Examples:
- You should try the new Vietnamese restaurant! (recommendation)

- We should leave now so we don’t miss the bus. (advice)
- You shouldn’t wash white clothes with brightly colored clothes. (advice)
- I think you should buy the earthy toned shirts more. You look great in it! (opinion)

Let's practice! Try to give advice/recommendation/suggestion based on the provided situation!

Open Ended

Gellert is bored. What should he do?

Open Ended

His notebook burned a day before exam. What do you think he should do?

Open Ended

Samantha found a phone in her backyard. What should she do?

Open Ended

Kalila wants to watch her favorite band concert but she doubts her parents won't allow her. What should she do?

Read the following sentences and decide whether it's True or False!

Multiple Choice

You should get a new job.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

She shouldn't does her homework at school.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The government should are help the people in need.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

I think I should apply for the HRD position.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Children should drink sugary drink. It's not very healthy.

• True

• False

Excellent! Now, try to complete the following sentences with should/ shouldn't with the correct form of verbs!

Fill in the Blank

You have a great job; you ____(change) it.

'

Fill in the Blank

You_____ (drink) so much coffee; it's bad for your blood pressure.

'

Fill in the Blank

It's an incredible film. You_____ (watch) it.

Fill in the Blank

It's a very dangerous area. Tourists ______(go) there.

'

Fill in the Blank

He______ (study) more if he wants to pass his exam.

Fill in the Blank

You_____(ask) the teacher to help you if you don't understand the lesson

Fill in the Blank

People_____(drive) fast in the town centre.

'

Fill in the Blank

It's cold. You_____ (wear) a cardigan.

Fill in the Blank

He ………………………………… (go) to the doctor. He’s been coughing for over a week

Fill in the Blank

You …………………………………(smoke) so much. It’s bad for your health.

'

Should have & Shouldn't have Verb 3

Should have Verb 3

Should have verb 3 can be used to express about something in the past which is a good idea to do and can be done, but you didn't do it

Examples:
1. You should have left. This means something bad happened because ÿou" didn't leave
2. They should have hurried to school. This means they were late to school.
3. She should have done her homework. This means she didn't do her homework and she got punished because of it.
Note that all of these happened in the past.

Choose the correct answer using should have verb 3

Multiple Choice

I told you you would get lost, ​​you​_____ a map with you.

• should have bring

• should have brought

Multiple Choice

The flowers died. I (water) _________ them more often.

• should have water

• should have watered

Multiple Choice

I’m really hungry. I (eat) ______________________________ a bigger breakfast

• should have ate

• should have eaten

Multiple Choice

I fell into the water. I (be) ______________________________ more careful.

• should have be

• should have been

Multiple Choice

This hotel is terrible. I (stay) ______________________________ at another one.

• should have staying

• should have stayed

Shouldn't have Verb 3

Should have verb 3 can be used to express about something in the past which is not a good idea to do but you still do it

Examples:
1. I shouldn't have shouted at her. This means the speaker regrets his/her action.
2. They shouldn't have ignored the early warning. This means the speaker regretted others' decisiion
3. I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.
Note that all of these happened in the past.

Choose the correct answer using shouldn't have verb 3

Multiple Choice

The movie was boring. We (watch) ______________________________ it.

• shouldn't have watched

• shouldn't have watching

Multiple Choice

Tommy isn’t happy. I (laugh) ______________________________ at him.

• shouldn't have laughed

• shouldn't have laugh

Multiple Choice

Jon’s father got angry. Jon (tell) ______________________________ him a lie.

• shouldn't have told

• shouldn't have telled

Multiple Choice

They (drive)_________ during the storm.

• shouldn't have driven

• shouldn't have drove

Multiple Choice

I’m broke. I (buy) ______________________________ a new car last week.

• shouldn't have bought

• shouldn't have buyed

Complete the sentences using should/shouldn't have verb 3

Fill in the Blank

Haven't they given you the money back yet? They _____(do) it last Monday.

Fill in the Blank

You (lend) _______him so much money when he asked. It will take you a lot of time to get it back.

'

Fill in the Blank

You _______(call) them yesterday. Now it's too late.

Fill in the Blank

I've got a terrible headache. I … all that beer.

'

Fill in the Blank

I went to work yesterday, even though I felt ill. Today I feel even worse. I … at home

Fill in the Blank

You didn't believe me, but I was telling the truth. You … me

Match

Match the following sentence with the appropriate response!

• My girlfriend left me.

• She won't be able to finish her dinner

• I think that dress looks awful on her.

• This food is burnt.

• This movie is really boring.

I should have been nicer to her.

She shouldn't have ordered so much.

She should have chosen a different color

You shouldn't have left it in the oven

We should have chosen a romantic one

• I should have been nicer to her.

• She shouldn't have ordered so much.

• She should have chosen a different color

• You shouldn't have left it in the oven

• We should have chosen a romantic one

Modals 2

Must, Must not, Have/has to, Don't/Doesn't have to, Had to, Didn't have to

A. Must = Obligation (Kewajiban) & strong advice (Nasihat yang memaksa)
B. Must not = Prohibition (larangan)

C. Pattern: S + must/must not/mustn't + verb 1/be

​Must vs Must not

​Something you need to do to follow the rule.
Pattern: S + have to / has to + verb 1
"Have to" for plural subjects (I, you, they, we)
"Has to"for singular subject (he, she, it)

​​Have to

​Something which is not necessary.
Pattern: S +don't/doesn't have to + verb 1
"don't have to" is for plural subject (I, you, they, we)
"doesn't have to" is for singular subject (he, she, it)

Don't/Doesn't have to

More examples

"must" is used when the obligation comes from the speaker

​"have to" is used when the obligation comes from other people/rules.

​

​Must vs Have to

Multiple Choice

All students ........ come to school before 6.40 a.m.

• must

• have to

Multiple Choice

I....come to school at 8 a.m on Saturday. I've promised my group to have a group work at that time.

• must

• have to

Multiple Choice

You _____ wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle.

• must

• have to

Multiple Choice

I _____ finish my homework before I can go out tonight

• must

• have to

Multiple Choice

She _____ attend the meeting; it’s mandatory.

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

We _____ obey the rules while we are in school.

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

He _____ see a doctor if his symptoms continue.

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

Passengers _____ check in at least two hours before the flight.

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

You _____ be kidding me! That can’t be true.

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

We _____ take care of the environment for future generations.

• must

• have to

• has to

Multiple Choice

Hoa ____ feed the cats because her mother has done it already.

• must

• don't have to

• doesn't have to

• mustn't

Multiple Choice

This warning sign indicates that you ____ step on the grass.

• must

• have to

• has to

• mustn't

Multiple Choice

Water park is free for kids under 6 years old, so you ____ pay money for your son.

• must

• don't have to

• doesn't have to

• mustn't

Multiple Choice

Visitors __________ feed the animals in the zoo. It's forbidden!

• must

• don't have to

• doesn't have to

• mustn't

Must, mustn't, have/has to & don't/doesn't have to

​

​Conclusion

Had to & Didn't have to
We use had to & didn't have to to talk about something necessary & unecessary in the past

Means something unnecessary in the past
Example:
I didn't have to make my breakfast when I was five, but I do now.

Didn't have to

Means something necessary in the past
Example:
When my grandfather was a young boy, he had to make his own breakfast before school.

Had to

​Pay attention to the underlined time adverbs. That's how you know it happened in the past

Check your understanding

Must/mustn't or have to/don't have to/doesn't have to/had to/didn't have to

Multiple Choice

Luis and Ana .................... take another exam to pass the course. It is not necessary.

• must

• have to

• don't have to

• mustn't

Multiple Choice

This is a dangerous tour. Children _______  be accompanied by an adult. It's the rule.

• must

• have to

• don't have to

• mustn't

Multiple Choice

They ___________ the bedroom before their parents come home. It's their agreement.

• must

• have to

• don't have to

• mustn't

Multiple Choice

Julio and his friends _______________ take the english exam last night. It wasn't necessary.

• didn't have to

• have to

• don't have to

• had to

Multiple Choice

We arrived in Malang on Saturday morning. We ... be at school.

• didn't have to

• have to

• don't have to

• had to

Multiple Choice

He .......... study harder, if he wants to pass the test.

• didn't have to

• has to

• don't have to

• had to

Multiple Choice

She .......... wear uniform to school everyday. It's the school rule.

• didn't have to

• has to

• don't have to

• had to

Fill in the Blank

You ____________ cross the roads without looking. It’s dangerous.

'

Fill in the Blank

It's late. I ________ go home now!

Fill in the Blank

I __________ get up early today. I have an appointment.

Fill in the Blank

Yesterday, I ___ finish my music practical test.

Fill in the Blank

I ______ do exercise because I am overweight.

Fill in the Blank

Anyone ____ have a passport, even a visa when travelling all around the world.

Fill in the Blank

You _____________________ get to class late.

'

Fill in the Blank

You........take me home because my father is giving me a lift.

'

Fill in the Blank

There's a lift in the building, so she _____ climb the stairs.

'

Any questions?

Do the task given by your teacher! Good luck!

Writing a short exposition text

In this part, you are going to learn and practive writing an exposition text individually.

Directions

• Choose one of the topics in the following slide

• Write your text outline in the provided template

• Do a small google research to find supporting data for your arguments. Save your research result in the template. You can use ChatGpt or other language AI here.

• Develop your outline into a short text which consists of at least 3 paragraphs. Each paragraph should consists of at least 3 sentences. Use at least 2 modals in your text. No use of language AI is permitted.

• Consult your text to your teacher then submit your text.

Topics choices

1. The Importance of Regular Physical Exercise for Teenagers' Health and Well-being.

2. How Social Media Influences the Self-Esteem and Social Skills of Adolescents.

3. The Benefits of Learning a Second Language in Early Education.

4. Why Recycling Should Be a Mandatory Practice in Every Household.

5. The Role of Technology in Enhancing Modern Education.

6. The Impact of School Uniforms on Student Discipline and Academic Performance.

7. Why Reading Fiction Improves Empathy and Critical Thinking Skills.

8. The Effects of Climate Change and the Importance of Environmental Conservation.

9. How Participation in Extracurricular Activities Contributes to Personal Development.

10. The Significance of Financial Literacy Education for High School Students.

​Topics Choices-2

11. Why Maintaining a Balanced Diet is Crucial for Adolescent Growth and Development.

12. The Influence of Peer Pressure on Decision Making Among Teenagers.

13. How Art and Music Education Enhance Creativity and Cognitive Abilities.

14. The Advantages of Implementing Technology-Free Periods in Daily Life.

15. Why Developing Time Management Skills is Essential for Academic Success.