Nations Form

• From Scandinavia

(Modern Denmark,
Norway and Sweden)

• Name 'Viking' means

“pirate raid“ in Old Norse

• Dominated Northern

Europe from about 700 to
1100 CE.

• Raided European towns

and settled in other areas

Picture of a Viking ship from an early Anglo-Saxon history
book showing the ship’s wooden planks and 'dragon-head'.

Actual Viking ship discovered in a burial mound in Norway

Multiple Choice

What does the word "viking" mean?

• A bird

• A mythical creature

• Roman soldier

• Pirate Raid

Multiple Choice

Where did vikings originate?

• Scandinavia
• Iceland
• Greenland
• Russia

Multiple Choice

How did vikings dominate Northern Europe?

• Spreading their religion all across Europe

• Immersing in culture and generating tourism

• Achieving scientific and technological innovations

• Through raiding towns and settlements

Open Ended

How did vikings travel to Northern Europe and Newfoundland?

• Under Roman control until 410 CE

• Germanic tribes the Angles,

Saxons, & Jutes come over from
continental Europe

• King Alfred the Great unites

Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the
870s

• Later defended the kingdom

against Viking conquest

• Alfred’s grandson

Æthelstan became the
first King of England in
927

• Defeated an invasion by

the King of Scotland

• Later King Edward the

Confessor died without
an heir in 1066

• William the Duke of

Normandy wanted the
throne

• Normandy was a former

Viking settlement in
France

• He leads Norman Conquest

of England in 1066 C.E.

• Wins the Battle of Hastings

to control England

The Battle of Hastings

Multiple Choice

Why did William of Normandy invade England?

• To establish a new colony
• To start a trade war with England
• To search for hidden treasure
• To claim the English throne

• Henry II – King of England from

1154 – 1189

• Helped establish the Common

Law system - the same laws
throughout England

• His son King John was forced to

sign the Magna Carta in 1215

• This limited royal power for the

first time

Multiple Choice

What was significant about the Battle of Hastings?

• It marked the Norman conquest of England in 1066.
• It took place in the 15th century.
• It resulted in the independence of England from Norman rule.
• It was a peaceful negotiation between England and Normandy.

King John signing the Magna Carta in 1215

Multiple Choice

How did the common law system benefit England?

• Consistency in legal decisions, flexibility, adaptation, and development of legal principles and precedents.
• Inconsistency in legal decisions
• Stagnation of legal principles
• Decrease in legal flexibility

Open Ended

How did the Magna Carta impact the king?

• Not a nation but a collection of

small feudal lands

• Hugh Capet elected to throne

by nobles in 987 CE – began
the Capetian family rule.

• The “Capetians” expand

control

• Enlarged territory & appointed

o�cials across France

Multiple Choice

how did Hugh Capet obtain power?

• Inherited power from his father, Charlemagne
• Conquered neighboring kingdoms through military campaigns
• Became a powerful noble through marriage alliances
• Elected as King of the Franks in 987 and founded the Capetian dynasty.

• England vs. France

• Fought from 1337 –

1453 due to
conflicts over
French lands and
crown

• English were

winning at first due
to superior
weapons

• Teenage Joan of Arc said

heavenly voices told her to
save France

• Led a French army to

victory at Orleans

• Captured by English &

burned for witchcraft

• Inspired French to rally,

drive English out of France

Joan of Arc at
the Siege of

Orléans

• Key E�ects of the war:

• Each country feels unity

• Helps lead to the decline

of feudalism

• More people in towns

• New middle class willing

to pay taxes for armies

Multiple Choice

Why did England gain the upper hand at the start of the Hundred years War?

• The use of catapults
• Effective use superior weapons

• Alliance with Spain
• Heavy armor worn by soldiers

Multiple Choice

What was significant about the Battle of Orleans?

• It was a minor skirmish with no historical significance
• The battle was won by the English forces
• It marked a turning point in the Hundred Years' War and was a decisive French victory led by Joan of Arc.
• Joan of Arc was not involved in the battle

Open Ended

How did the Hundred year's War impact England and France?

• Visigoths on the Iberian

peninsula convert to
Christianity in 587

• Muslim Umayyad dynasty

invades from North Africa
in late 700’s

• The Reconquista

(Christian reconquering)
began later and would
last 700 years

Multiple Choice

Why did Spain launch the Reconquista?

• To establish trade routes with Asia
• To recapture territories under Muslim rule
• To promote religious tolerance
• To expand their territory in Africa

• Mongols invaded Russia in the

1200’s and ruled until 1480

• Ivan III (Ivan the Great) threw o�

Mongol rule

• Centralized power expanded

Russian nation

• Adopted Eastern Orthodox

Church from the Byzantine
Empire

Multiple Choice

Who drove the Mongols out of Russia?

• Golden Horde
• Kievan Rus
• Ivan the Great

• Siberian Khanate

Multiple Choice

What did Russia adopt from the Byzantine Empire?

• Feudalism
• Cyrillic alphabet
• Roman Catholicism
• Orthodox Christianity