Basic Elements of Electronics System

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ELECTROTECHNICS

Basic elements of

mechatronics system

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Objective: To recognize some basic elements of mechatronics system.

Content:

1.

Sensors and actuators

2.

Signals and conditioning

3.

Digital logic systems

4.

Software and data acquisition systems

5.

Computers and display devices

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Did you know that…

The word "mechatronics" was

created by Tetsuro Mori, an

engineer at Yaskawa Electric

Corporation, in 1969 and was

registered as a trademark by

the company in Japan in 1971

under the registration number

46-32714-1971

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The basic elements of Mechatronics System

Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of

mechanical

engineering,

electronics,

and

intelligent computer control in the design and

manufacture of products and processes.

•Actuators and sensors

•Signals and conditioning

•Digital logic Systems

•Software and data acquisition systems

•Computers and display devices

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1. Sensors and actuators

They

mostly

come

under

mechanical

systems. The actuators produce motion or

cause some action. The sensors detect

the

state

of

the

system

parameters,

inputs, and outputs. The actuators used in

the mechatronic system are pneumatic

and

hydraulic

actuators,

electro-

mechanical actuators, electrical motors

such as DC motors and AC motors.

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2. Signals and conditioning

The mechatronic systems deal with

two types of signals and conditioning:

The

input

devices

receive

input

signals from the mechatronic systems

via interfacing devices and sensors.

Then it is sent to the control circuits for

conditioning or processing.

The output signals from the system

are

sent

to

output/display

devices

through interfacing devices.

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3. Digital logic systems

Digital

logic

devices

control

overall

system

operation.

The

various digital logic systems used

in the mechatronic system are

logic

circuits,

microcontrollers,

programmable logic controllers,

sequencing and timing controls,

and control algorithms.

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4. Software and data acquisition systems

The data acquisition system acquires

the output signals from sensors in the

form

of

voltage,

frequency,

and

resistance and it is inputted into the

microprocessor or computer. Software

is used to control the acquisition of

data

through

a

digital-to-analog

converter (DAC) board.

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5. Computers and display devices

Computers are used to store a

large

number

of

data

and

process

further

through

software. Display devices are

used to give visual feedback to

the user. The various display

devices used in the mechatronic

system are LEDs, CRTs, LCDs,

digital displays, and others.

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Advantages of Mechatronics System

•It is cost effective and can produce high

quality products.

•It provides high degree of flexibility to modify

or redesign the systems.

•It

provides

excellent

performance

characteristics.

Disadvantages of Mechatronics System

•The initial cost is high.

•Maintenance and repair may workout costly.

•It

has

complexity

in

identification

and

correction of problems in the systems.

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Examples of mechatronics systems

•Numerical control (NC) machine

•Computer numerical control (CNC) machine

•Variable speed drives

•Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)

•Automated manufacturing systems (AMS)

•Automated guided vehicles

•Rapid prototyping and robots

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Computer

numerical

control

(CNC) machine is the best and

basic example of application of

Mechatronics

in

manufacturing

automation. Efficient operation of

conventional machine tools such

as

Lathes,

milling

machines,

drilling machine is dependent on

operator skill and training.

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Flexible

manufacturing

systems

(FMS) combines microelectronics and

mechanical engineering to bring the

economies of the scale to batch work.

A central online computer controls the

machine tools, other work stations,

and the transfer of components and

tooling. The computer also provides

monitoring and information control.

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Industrial robots are general-purpose,

re-programmable

machines

which

respond to the sensory signals received

from the system environment. Based

on

these

signals,

robots

carry

out

programmed work or activity. They also

take simple independent decisions and

communicate/interact

with

the

other

machines and the central computer.

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Automatic quality control and inspection

systems: Supply of a good quality product

or a system to the market is the basic aim of

the

manufacturing

industry.

The

product

should satisfy the needs of the customers

and it must be reliable. This can be achieved

by building up the ‘quality’ right from the

product design stage; and maintaining the

standards during the ‘production stages’ till

the product-delivery to the market.

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Conclusions

Mechatronics

is

the

synergistic

integration

of

mechanical

engineering, electronics, and intelligent computer control in the

design and manufacture of products and processes.

The concept of Mechatronics is very important today to meet the

ever-increasing demands of customers and remain competitive in

the global market. A mechatronics engineer must be able to design

and select mechanical devices, sensors and actuators, analog and

digital circuits, microprocessor-based components, and control

devices such as logic gates to design modem systems.

Multiple Choice

1. The word “mechatronics” was created by ____.

• Akira Toriyama
  

• Tetsuro Mori

• Masami Kurumada

Multiple Choice

2. Is NOT an INPUT device.

• Mouse

• Scanner

• Webcam

• Touchpad

Multiple Choice

3. Software is used to control the acquisition of data through ____ board.

• DAC

• NC

• CNC

• FMS

Multiple Choice

4. Is NOT an OUTPUT device.

• headphone

• printer

• speakers

• keyboards

Multiple Choice

5. The word "mechatronics" was created by an engineer at Yaskawa Electric Corporation in ____.

• 1956

• 1569

• 1699

• 1969