B1.Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

​Module B: Macromolecules
Lesson 01

Essential Question

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Lesson Questions

1. What are carbon compounds?

2. What are carbohydrates?

3. How do carbohydrates function?

What are carbon compounds?

• Carbon is an element that can bond with many other elements (such as hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen).

• Carbon can form rings and very long chains.

What are carbon compounds?

• Carbon helps to form the backbone of large molecules (macromolecules).

• Macromolecules are formed when smaller units combine. These small units are called monomers. Monomers combine to form polymers. Each type of macromolecule has its own monomer.

Reorder

Place the following in order of size: from smallest (1) to largest (3).

• element

• monomer

• polymer

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

What are carbohydrates?

• Carbohydrates are the first group of macromolecules.

• Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (usually in a ratio of 1:2:1).

• Some examples of carbohydrates include:

  • sugar

  • starch, and

  • cellulose.
    

What are carbohydrates?

• Most carbohydrates end in "-ose."

• Carbohydrates can be classified as simple or complex:

• Simple:

  • called monosaccharides

  • Examples include glucose, galactose (found in milk), and fructose (found in fruit).

• Complex:

  • Formed by joining many monosaccharides

  • Example includes glycogen, starch, & cellulose (in plants)

How do carbohydrates function?

• Carbohydrates are important for the storing and releasing of quick energy.

• Carbohydrates are also useful for structural support and protection.

Multiple Choice

Which type of carbohydrate is found in fruit?

• galactose

• cellulose

• fructose

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