1E2.1 Lesson - DNA Replication

1E2.1 Lesson

DNA Replication

Match

REVIEW: Match the macromolecules to its elements

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleotides

CHON

CHO

CHO 1:2:1

CHOPN

• CHON

• CHO

• CHO 1:2:1

• CHOPN

1B1 Macromolecule Elements and Monomers

• Carbohydrates

  • CHO 1:2:1

    • Monosaccharides

• Lipids

  • CHO

    • Fatty Acids and Glycerol

• Proteins

  • CHON

    • Amino Acids

• Nucleic Acids

  • CHOPN

    • Nucleotides

Match

REVIEW: Match the macromolecule to its monomer

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

monosaccharides

fatty acids

amino acids

nucleotides

• monosaccharides

• fatty acids

• amino acids

• nucleotides

1B1 Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acids

• Stores and transmits genetics information

• Made of nucleotides (monomer - building block)

• created by DNA replication

• Elements CHOPN
  

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​Double Helix

Categorize

Options (6)

made by replication

made of nucleotides

assembled by ribosomes

made of amino acids

CHOPN

CHON

Compare nucleic acids to proteins.

Nucleic Acids (3)

Proteins (3)

1B1, 3C1 Nucleic Acid Monomers

DNA

• DNA nucleotide

  • deoxyribose sugar

  • phosphate group

  • nitrogen bases

    • A, T, G, or C

    • Thymine
      

RNA

• RNA nucleotide

  • ribose sugar

  • phosphate group

  • nitrogen bases

    • A, U, G, or C

    • Uracil
      

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Labeling

Label the nucleotide

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Phosphate Group

Nitrogen Base

Sugar

1B1 DNA Structure

DNA Double Helix

• Backbone (sides) - B

  • phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar

• Rungs (middle) - A

  • two nitrogen bases of nucleotides

  • joined together with a hydrogen bond - C

  • A (hydrogen bond) T

  • G (hydrogen bond) C

• Order of the nucleotides (horizontal rungs) is where the information to make a protein is stored - ATG-CGT-GAT

​C

​B

​A

Labeling

Label the parts of a DNA molecule.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Sugar-Phosphate Backbone

Hydrogen Bond

Nitrogen Bases Rung

DNA, Genes, Chromosomes

CHROMATIN

• DNA wound up around small proteins

• Form of DNA during Interphase

Replicated CHROMOSOME

• two identical strands of chromatin condensed (coiled up) and joined at a centromere

• Form of DNA during Mitosis

Categorize

Options (4)

form of DNA during Interphase

form of DNA during Mitosis

DNA wrapped around small proteins

chromatin coiled up an attached to its copy

Organize these options into the right categories

Chromatin (2)

Replicated Chromosome (2)

Labeling

Label the Replicated Chromosome

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Centromere

Locus

Sister Chromatids

DNA, Genes, Chromosomes

GENE

• small section of DNA

• information to make one protein

LOCUS

• location of a gene on a chromosome

DNA Complements

DNA

• Adenine only bonds with Thymine

• Guanine only bonds with Cytosine

• DNA complement of

• ATC-GCC-TAA is

• TAG-CGG-ATT

​Order of the nucleotides (horizontal rungs) is where the information to make a protein is stored - ATG-CGT-GAT

Fill in the Blanks

What is the DNA complementary code for

TAC-CAA-CAC?

DNA Replication

• DNA Replication - copy of DNA is made

• S -Phase of Interphase

• Semiconservative - half of the original DNA is saved and used in the new DNA strands

Must occur before mitosis (cell division)

• Ensures daughter cells have identical copy of parent cell's DNA

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STEPS:

• Enzymes unwind and unzip DNA

• Free DNA nucleotides attach to exposed bases

• Two new strands are formed

• Enzymes zip the new strands back up

Multiple Choice

Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?

• Each cell must have its own DNA
• Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
• A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
• Only muscle cells need DNA 

Multiple Choice

What does DNA replication mean?

• DNA copies itself during the gap one stage because a new cell needs to be made.

• DNA copies itself during the synthesis stage because a new cell needs to be made.

• DNA copies itself during the gap two stage because a new cell needs to be made.

• DNA copies itself during the M stage because a new cell needs to be made.

Multiple Choice

Sometimes, DNA is called "semi-conservative." Why might this be?

• The old strand is "conserved" and used to make the new strands
• Uracil is "conserved" in that it is only used to make the new strands
• ATP is "conserved" via the usage of facilitated diffusion
• Ligase is "conserved" in that it is denatured by the process