(8.ESS2.3) Rock Cycle

8.ESS2.3 Standard Review
Rock Cycle

Vocabulary

Mineral - solid, inorganic substance, that has is naturally occurring
Rock - any natural material that has a distinct mineral composition
Rock Cycle - ongoing process of rocks changing based on the processes that they go through
Intrusive Igneous Rock - type of rock formed when magma cools and solidifies underground
Extrusive Igneous Rock - type of rock formed when lava cools and solidifies above ground
Metamorphic Rock - type of rock formed from extreme heat and pressure
Sedimentary Rock - type of rock formed when sediments are cemented and compacted together (lithification)
Melting - the phase change from solid to liquid
Freezing - the phase change from liquid to solid
Weathering - the breakdown of rocky material by natural processes (wind, rain, temperature)
Erosion - the movement of rocky material by natural processes (wind, rain)
Deposition - the settling of rocky material by natural processes
Lithification - the process of cementing and compacting
Magma - melted rock found below earth's surface
Lava - melted rock found above earth's surface
Sediments - small rocky material formed from weathering and erosion

Vocabulary

Cross Section - a picture, diagram, or model that shows what the inside of something looks like
Fossil - a preserved organism or imprint of an organism from earth's geologic past (typically found in sedimentary rocks, ice, or amber)
Relative Dating - scientific method used to determine the age of rock layers based on their position compared to each other
Radioactive Dating - a method of discovering a rock's age by analyzing the radioactive isotopes in the rock
Law of Superposition - law of geology that states that rock layers found closer to the surface (higher up) are younger than rock layers beneath them
Law of Cross Cutting Relationships - a law of geology that states that rock formations that cut through other rock formations are younger
Law of Original Horizontality - a law of geology that states that rock layers (sedimentary) will form flat and level
Uplift - the process by which earth's surface rises due to forces/pressure pushing them up (volcanos, mountains, plateaus, etc.)
Energy - the ability to work or cause change

Multiple Choice

What kind of rock is formed by heat and pressure?

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

• Sedimentary Rock

Multiple Choice

What kind of rock is formed by the cooling of magma below surface?

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

• Sedimentary Rock

Multiple Choice

What kind of rock is formed from the cementing and compacting of sediments?

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

• Sedimentary Rock

Multiple Choice

What kind of rock is formed by the cooling of lava above the earth's surface?

• Intrusive Igneous Rock

• Extrusive Igneous Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

• Sedimentary Rock

Multiple Choice

Which of these processes is responsible for forming sediments?

• Weathering and Erosion

• Melting

• Cooling

• Heat and Pressure

Multiple Choice

Which of these processes is responsible for forming magma?

• Weathering and Erosion

• Melting

• Cooling

• Heat and Pressure

Multiple Choice

Which letter indicates the youngest rock formation?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

How would a geologist know that E is the youngest rock formation?

• It cuts through all other rock formations

• It is higher than all the other rock formations

• It is deeper than the other rock formations

• It's the smallest rock formation

Multiple Choice

Which letter represents the oldest rock formation?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

How would a geologist know that rock formation C is the oldest?

• Every other rock layer cuts through it

• It is below every other rock formation

• It is only on one side of the cross section

• It is made of metamorphic rock

Multiple Choice

What kind of rock is rock formation D?

• Igneous Rock

• Metamorphic Rock

• Sedimentary Rock