Introduction to New Testament

Introduction to the Gospels

The Bible Course

Document # TX001081

© Saint Mary’s Press

The Gospels

•The Gospels are the heart of the Scriptures.

•The four Gospels are Matthew, Mark, Luke,
and John.

•The Gospels bring the Good News of the
Incarnation of Jesus Christ.

•They also herald that Jesus came to fulfill the
promises God made to our ancestors, and to
overcome the slavery of sin and death.

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Characteristics of the Gospels

•The Gospels are the main source of
information about the life and
teachings of Jesus (see CCC, 125).

•The Gospels are God’s Revelation.

•When we encounter Jesus in the
Gospels, we encounter God’s most
definitive and perfect Revelation.

•Each Gospel presents a
unique perspective on
Jesus.

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The Synoptic Gospels

•Matthew, Mark, and Luke are called synoptic Gospels.

•Synoptic comes from a Greek word meaning “seeing the
whole together.”

•These Gospels are similar in style and share much of the same
content.

•Many scholars believe that both Luke and Matthew used Mark
as a source when writing their Gospels.

•Some scholars also propose that Luke and Matthew may have
used a second source known as the Quelle, or the Q Source.

The Gospel of Matthew

Who was Matthew?
•Jewish Christian well versed in the
Hebrew Scriptures

Approximate Date of Authorship:
•AD 85

Intended Audience:
•Mixed community of Jewish
Christians and Gentiles

Issues Addressed:
•A possible rejection and even
some persecution of Jewish
Christians for their belief in Jesus

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Matthew’s Image of Jesus

•Matthew wanted his Jewish
Christian readers to know that
believing in Jesus was a
continuation of their tradition.

•Matthew highlights Jesus as the
fulfillment of many Old Testament
hopes and prophecies.

•He validates the community’s link
to the covenant promises of the
past, while justifying their new
devotion to Christ and his
mission.

•Jesus is presented with clear ties
to Jewish ancestry. The
genealogy at the beginning of the
Gospel is one example.

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The Gospel of Mark

Who was Mark?
•Gentile Christian who may have
been a disciple of Peter

Approximate Date of Authorship:
•AD 65–70

Intended Audience:
•Non-Jewish Christians

Issues Addressed:
•Members of the community
being persecuted (even to death)
for their beliefs

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Mark’s Image of Jesus

•Mark includes an aura of secrecy in
this Gospel known as the messianic
secret.

•Those who should recognize Jesus
as the Messiah fail to do so.

•Mark emphasizes the humanity of
Jesus.

•Central to Mark’s Christology is the
image of Jesus as the Suffering
Servant.

•True discipleship must imitate Jesus
in both his ministry and his suffering.

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The Gospel of Luke

Who was Luke?
•Gentile convert to Christianity,
and the author who wrote not
only the Gospel of Luke but
also the Acts of the Apostles

Approximate Date of Authorship:
•AD 80–90

Intended Audience:
•The audience of both the
Gospel of Luke and the Acts of
the Apostles is identified as
Theophilus, meaning “lover of
God.”

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Luke’s Image of Jesus

•Luke paints a picture of Jesus as
the compassionate Savior who
welcomes all.

•Much of Jesus’ ministry and
preaching is directed toward the
plight of the anawim.

•Luke emphasizes the presence of
women in the ministry of Jesus.

•The final groups given special
attention in the Gospel of Luke are
those who are sick and sinners.

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The Gospel of John

The Gospel of John is not one of
the synoptic Gospels.
Who wrote it:
•Many people credit this Gospel to
a man named John, “the [disciple]
whom Jesus loved” (John 13:23),
but the actual author is unknown.

•Many believe the author was a
member of a Christian community
founded by the Beloved Disciple.

•Its tradition and teachings
represent the whole Johannine
community rather than just one
individual.

Approximate Date of Authorship:
•AD 90–100

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Characteristics of John’s Gospel

Twofold purpose:
•To evangelize both Gentiles and Jews

•To strengthen the faith of the local community as well
as Christians everywhere

Two books in one Gospel:
•In the first half of the Gospel,
Jesus teaches mainly through
signs that reveal his identity.

–These signs are found in John
1:19—12:50 and are known as
the Book of Signs.

•The second half of the Gospel
focuses on the Passion, death,
Resurrection, and Ascension—
the events that glorify Jesus.

–This is known as the Book of Glory
and is found in John 13:1—20:31.

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John’s Image of Jesus

•The synoptic Gospels emphasize the humanity of Jesus.

•The Gospel of John emphasizes the divinity of Jesus.

•John uses high Christology—a term used to describe how
John proclaims from the very beginning that Jesus is God,
the Eternal Word of the Father.

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