1B1, 1B2 Review Lesson

1B1 Macromolecule Monomers

• Carbohydrates - CHO

  • Monosaccharides

• Lipids - CHO

  • Fatty Acids and Glycerol

• Proteins - CHON

  • Amino Acids

• Nucleic Acids - CHOPN

  • Nucleotides

​Macromolecules are made of building blocks called MONOMERS.

Match

REVIEW: Match the macromolecule to its monomer

• monosaccharides

• fatty acids

• amino acids

• nucleotides

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic Acids

1B1 Macromolecule Monomers

Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides

Lipids
Fatty Acids

Proteins
Amino Acids

Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides

​CHO 1:2:1
6-C, 12-H, 6-O

​CHO
Lots of C and H, few O

​CHON
look for NCC or CCN

​CHOPN
has P and N

​1, 5, 9, 13

Match

Match the following

Carbohydrate

Protein

Nucleic Acid

Lipid

• Carbohydrate

• Protein

• Nucleic Acid

• Lipid

1B1 Macromolecule Structures

Carbohydrates - CHO 1:2:1

Lipids - CHO

Proteins - CHON

Nucleic Acids - CHOPN

​1, 5, 9, 13

​

Multiple Choice

What type of macromolecule is pictured?

• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates

Categorize

Options (4)

Determine what kind of macromolecule each structure represents.

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

1B1 Macromolecule Structures

Carbohydrates - CHO 1:2:1

Lipids - CHO

Proteins - CHON

Nucleic Acids - CHOPN

​Monosaccharides

​Amino Acids

​Fatty Acids

Nucleotides

​2, 10,

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a protein?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Categorize

Options (4)

main source of energy for cells

store long-term energy, cushion, insulate, waterproofs

Compare carbohydrates to lipids.

Carbohydrates

Lipids

1B1 Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Nucleic Acids

• stores genetic information to make proteins in the order of the nucleotides - DNA, RNA

• Elements C, H, O, P, N

• Made of nucleotide (monomer)

• created by DNA replication
  

Proteins

• most diverse macromolecule

  • enzymes, transport proteins, antibodies, structures like muscles and bones, hormones

• Element C, H, O, N

• made of amino acids (monomer)

• assembled together by ribosomes

Categorize

Options (4)

Compare nucleic acids to proteins.

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

Multiple Choice

A diagram of a protein molecule is shown above. The units labeled X which bond together to form the protein molecule are called

• amino acids
• fatty acids
• monosaccharides
• nucleotides

Multiple Choice

Biological polymers are made up of much smaller monomers.If several of these monomers were linked together, what type of polymer would be created?

• DNA
• polysaccharide
• protein
• RNA

Multiple Choice

What do nucleotides look like?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Multiple Choice

Which of the following BEST represents the function of DNA in a cell?

• to provide structure and support to the cell
• to store genetic information
• to speed up the rate of reactions in the cell
• to digest macronutrients in the cell's cytoplasm

1B2 Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by

• Lowering the activation energy needed to start a reaction

• Providing a place for the reaction to occur

​A catalyst is something that speeds up reactions.
Enzymes are biological catalysts.

​Amount of energy required to start reaction without enzyme

​Amount of energy required to start reaction with enzyme

​

​

Dropdown

Enzymes are ​

Select answer

that ​

Select answer

chemical reactions by ​

Select answer

the activation energy required to start the reaction.

1B2 Enzyme Reaction Diagram

Enzymatic Reaction​

• AKA Catalyzed Reaction

• Substrate - the substance(s) the enzyme is acting on

• Active site - the place where the substrate binds to the active site

• Enzyme-substrate complex - the enzyme and substrate when joined together

• Product - the substance(s) released by the enzymatic reaction

​

​

​

​

Labelling

Label the enzyme activity diagram.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Products

Active Site

Enzyme-substrate Complex

Enzyme

Substrate

1B2 Optimum pH

Optimum (best) pH

• The pH at which the enzyme works the best

• Most human enzymes work best at a pH of around 7 (neutral)

• Stomach enzymes work best at a pH of 1.5 (acidic)

• DENATURE - Outside of their pH range, the enzyme will denature and not function correctly (denature)

Optimum pH - 2.8
​Range 1.8-2.2
Only functions in acidic environments

Optimum pH​ 8.5
Range 8-9
Only functions in alkaline (basic) environments

​

Multiple Choice

What is the optimal pH of enzyme A?

• 8
• 2
• 5.7-10
• 10
• 0

1B2 Optimum Temperature

Optimum (best) Temperature

• The temperature at which the enzyme works the best

• Most human enzymes work best at around 98.6°F (37°C)

DENATURE

• Outside of the optimum temperature range, the enzyme will change shape and not function correctly

​Optimum temperature for this enzyme is around 40°C

Temp. Range: 35-45

Multiple Choice

Based on the graph, what temperature does this enzyme work best? 

• 25-35°C

• 35-45°C

• 5-25°C

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
  
• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
  
• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
  
• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
  

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose  of an enzyme?

• give permission for the reaction
• raise activation energy
• speed up reactions
• control how many reactions occur