Social Studies Review

Social Studies Review

Indigenous people of western hemisphere

According to historical records, the earliest American Indian groups in Texas, known as Paleo-Indians, arrived in the region between 40,000 and 13,000 years ago, with evidence of their presence found in sites like the Lubbock Lake Park and the Permian Basin burial site "Midland Minnie". Some notable tribes that historically inhabited Texas include the Atakapa, Karankawa, Comanche, Apache, Kiowa, Caddo, and the various groups of the Coahuiltecan people, with each adapting to different regions of the state depending on the environment and resources.· The ancestors of the American Indian groups in both Texas and North America are generally considered to have entered the Americas from Asia by way of the Bering Strait sometime during the late glacial epoch.

Origin of American Indian Groups

Lived in parts of present-day New Mexico and West Texas. They farmed, hunted and traded. Some jumanos were nomadic, living in tee-pees while others lived in Pueblo-like dwellings in old adobe villages.

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​Jumanos

Largest group of american indian tribes in Texas. They lived across East Texas. Caddo tribes lived varies lives with some hunting and gathering.

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​Caddos

Karankawas crafted baskets and pottery, both of which were often lined with asphaltum, a natural tar substance found on Gulf Coast beaches. The chief weapon of the tribe, for both hunting and warfare, was the long bow and arrow.

​Karankawas

Lipan were among the first of the Plains Indians to obtain horses. This permitted them to dominate the southern plains and the southern bison range. They were bison hunters and had become minimal agriculturist. First European contact was with the Coronado Expedition in the area of the Canadian river.

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​Lipan Apaches

Multiple Choice

An archaeologist is on a dig in the Mountain and Basin region. Evidence of an old adobe village with an irrigation system is unearthed. Based on the discovery, which is a likely inference the archaeologist may make?

• Jumanos

• Lipan Apaches

• Caddos

• Karankawas

Multiple Choice

American Indian groups living in Texas had different lifestyles because

• They speak another language

• They had different animals

• They lived in different physical regions

• They had different clothes

Multiple Choice

The flat, dry lands and large buffalo population helped the American Indian tribes of the Texas Great Plains to succeed by —

• Fishing

• shopping

• hunting

• Driving Cattle