IA 1 MMS Review

Construct an explanation of how cell structures and organelles (including nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, lysosome, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, ribosomes, and mitochondria) interact as a system to maintain homeostasis

Goal 1 - I can demonstrate an understanding of the functions of various organelles in cells

Goal 2 - I can explain how the cell organelles work together to help maintain homeostasis

SB1.a

Prokaryotes are small and simple and only contain a few organelles (ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane). These organelles do not have membranes of their own! Eukaryotes are larger and more complicated and DO have membranes around their organelles!

Most important info!

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Plant and Animal Cells are BOTH Eukaryotic, meaning they have the Nucleus to contain their DNA and have membranes surrounding the majority of their organelles! The main differences include the chloroplasts, a cell wall, and large central vacuole (as opposed to many smaller vacuoles) in the plant cell!

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Plant and Animal Cells are BOTH Eukaryotic! This means they both have a NUCLEUS which contains the DNA and keeps it safe!

Other major organelles include:
- Vacuoles: contain water and nutrients (one large one in plant cells and many smaller ones in animal cells).
- Mitochondria: produce energy through cellular respiration (found in ALL eukaryotic cells).
- Chloroplasts: produce glucose for FOOD! (found only in plant cells and some other photosynthetic organisms that aren't "plants")
-Ribosomes: produce proteins (found in ALL living organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic)

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Match

Match the following organelles to their function.

• Nucleus

• Ribosomes

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

contains and protects genetic material

produce proteins

produce energy

produce glucose

contains water and nutrients

• contains and protects genetic material

• produce proteins

• produce energy

• produce glucose

• contains water and nutrients

Multiple Choice

Why is the cell membrane that surrounds ALL cells so important?

• The cell membrane is primarily for energy production.
• The cell membrane is only important for plant cells.
• The cell membrane is important for regulating entry and exit of substances and protecting the cell.

• The cell membrane serves as a storage unit for nutrients.

Categorize

Options (9)

small and simple

no membrane bound organelles

no nucleus

large and complex

many membrane-bound organelles

nucleus

ribosomes

cytoplasm

cell membrane

Place the information into the correct category.

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

Both

Construct an explanation of how the structures of DNA and RNA lead to the expression of information within the cell via the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.

Goal 1 - I can replicate a strand of DNA.

Goal 2 - I can transcribe a gene into mRNA and translate the mRNA into a strand of amino acids.

SB2.a

A always pairs with T

C always pairs with G

This process ONLY happens before Cell Division!

Most important info!

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Match

Match the nucleotide bases A, T, C, and G with their complimentary base pair in DNA.

• A

• T

• C

• G

T

A

G

C

• T

• A

• G

• C

In transcription A in DNA will pair with U in mRNA but T in DNA will still pair with A in mRNA

C and G are still paired with each other

Transcription comes first and occurs in the nucleus

Translation is second and occurs at the ribosome in the cytoplasm

Most important info!

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Match

Match the nucleotide bases A, T, C, and G with their complimentary base pair in RNA.

• A

• T

• C

• G

U

A

G

C

• U

• A

• G

• C

Labelling

Place the number on the amino acid in the order it would appear in this strand of mRNA:

(1) AUG - (2) CAC - (3) AGU - (4) AAA - (5) UAA

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

5

4

1

3

2

Use mathematical models to predict and explain patterns of inheritance.

Goal 1 - I can use a Punnett Square to analyze patterns of inheritance such as dominance, codominance, and incomplete dominance.

Goal 2 - I can analyze inheritance through the use of a pedigree.

SB3.b

Punnett Squares are charts used to predict possible outcomes for offspring. Each square represents a 25% chance that the offspring will have that genotype and representative phenotype.

Most important info!

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Pedigrees are charts that visually represent the history of related people (or organisms). It shows individuals that are affected, unaffected, or might be carriers of a particular gene.

Multiple Choice

The diagram is of a Punnett square for the cross between two heterozygous flowers, Rr and Rr. The allele, R, is dominant for a red pigment and the allele, r, is recessive for a white pigment. What percent of the offspring will have red flowers?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Multiple Choice

Delray has dimples, and his wife does not. Delray has a homozygous dominant genotype for dimples, and his wife has a homozygous recessive genotype for no dimples.

If Delray and his wife decide to have children, then which Punnett square correctly shows the probability of them having a child with dimples?

Multiple Choice

If T=Tall & t=short, what is the genotypic ratio?

• 1:3
• 3:1
• 1:2:1
• 2:2

Multiple Choice

How many generations are shown in this pedigree?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

Objective #13

This is a pedigree that follows blue eyes which is a recessive trait. What is the phenotype of the mother (circle) in generation 1?

• Brown

• Blue

• 1 blue, 1 brown

Open Ended

Do you have any questions you need me to answer?