C6 Unit 2 Industrial development in HK

Unit 2
Industrial development in HK

C6 Industry

Nobita: I don't want to go to school! Life is so hard! T^T

Grandmother: You should be thankful for what you have! I couldn't go to school and had to work in a factory when I was your age.

​Let's go back in time...to 1950s to 1970s

​P.14

Drag and Drop

What types of industries are those 4 major manufacturing industries?



According to:

weight of raw materials & products: ​

Placeholder

inputs of labour & capital: ​

Placeholder

level of technology: ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

light

heavy

labour-intensive

capital-intensive

low-tech

high-tech

3Ls​
Light,
Labour-intensive,
Low-tech industry

​remember
location
factors?

​harbour: transport by ships

https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/oht/part06_2_e/

​e.g. Chai Wan, Cheung Sha Wan

​工廠大廈

Multiple Select

Why did the industrial areas move to the industrial estates in new towns in 1950s-60s?

• time for a change

• larger space

• beautiful scenary

• cheap rent

Google Maps

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https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/articulate/p06_16_compare_e/

cheaper

Changes in industrial areas in HK

​1950s-1960s:
- old urban areas
- light, labour-intensive, low-tech

favourable location factors:
1. labour: cheap labour and people with management skills
2. capital $$$
3. government policy: free port policy
4. transport: deep habour

​1970s:
- industrial estates in new towns

favourable location factors:
1. land
2. government policy

​P.17

​P.17

Open Ended

​If manufacturing industries are that important to HK, why can't we see many industrial buildings in HK now?
There should also be more people working as factory workers!

(Hint: have a look at P.19-20)

​P.18

https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/articulate/p06_18_graph_e/

​push factors

​pull factors

Location factors can be divided into...

(from Unit 1)

​What are the reasons behind the decline importance of manufacturing industries?

https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/articulate/p06_20_pullpush_e/

​

​push factors: unattractiveness

labour, land

​P.19

Where can the factories be moved?

government policy

​P.19

​(industrial relocation)

Open Ended

Refer to BK P.20, where can the factories be moved and why?

Think about the pull factors.

​Industrial relocation in 1980s-early 2000s:
Factories were moved to
- South-east Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia)
- Zhujiang Delta Region

​P.20

​location factors

​P.20

​location factors

​ZDR has plenty of low land
-> low land rent

​P.20

https://eresources.oupchina.com.hk/jungeog3e/articulate/p06_20_pullpush_e/

1-4: ​lower production cost

1-3: ​higher production cost

​labour
land
government policy



transport

​Open policy in 1978: open to foreign investment

​labour
land
government policy

😊

😭

​plenty low land in ZDR

​P.20

​Industrial relocation

Categorize

Options (12)

high production cost

low production cost

strict pollution control

loose pollution control

high land rent

low rent

low labour cost

high labour cost

financial incentives

low tax rates

near HK

being familiar with the area

Categorise the following location factors.

push factor of HK

pull factor of ZDR

Poll

Do you think the whole manufacturing activities are moved to ZDR?

• yes

• no

​Change in mode of production

​factories in ZDR, while headquarters/ design offices in HK

​P.21

Multiple Select

Why do headquarters remain in Hong Kong?

Q1: What are the activities carried out in the headquarters?

• R&D

• marketing

• design

• production

Multiple Choice

Why do headquarters remain in Hong Kong?

Q2: What type of labour do we need for R&D, design and marketing?

• low-skilled labour

• high-skilled labour

Multiple Choice

Why do headquarters remain in Hong Kong?

Q3: Where can we find high-skilled labour easily in the 1980s?

• Hong Kong

• Zhujiang Delta Region (ZDR)

Multiple Choice

Why do headquarters remain in Hong Kong?

Q4: Which area had a better transportation network in the 1980s?

• Hong Kong

• Zhujiang Delta Region (ZDR)

​P.21

​P.21

Pull and push factors of industrial relocation

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Multiple Choice

Revision MC:

______ factors attract industries to move into an area.

• push

• pull

Multiple Choice

Revision MC:

Which of the following is NOT a push factor of Hong Kong for industrial relocation?

• high wages

• high land rent

• unstable power supply

• strict pollution control

Multiple Choice

Revision MC:

Before the 1980s, the major mode of production adopted by industrialists was _______.

• single-point production

• multi-point production

Multiple Select

Revision MC:

Headquarters stay in Hong Kong because...

• HK has cheap labour

• HK has a good legal and financial system

• HK has high-skilled labour

• HK has convenient transport

• HK has loose pollution control

Changes in industrial areas in HK

​1950s-1960s:
- old urban areas

​1970s:
- industrial estates in new towns

​1980s to early 2000s:
industrial relocation &
multi-point production
(factories in Zhujiang Delta Region; headquarters in Hong Kong)

​What about now?

Open Ended

Refer to P.24.

Do you think ZDR nowadays is still an attractive place to HK industrialists?

Why or why not?

​P.23

Multiple Choice

Compare the production cost in Shenzhen/HK and Gazipur.

Land rent, electricity tariff, water charges, and average monthly wage of workers in Gazipur are ​______ than in Shenzhen/HK.

• lower
• higher

Multiple Choice

Low production cost in Gazipur (Bangladesh) is push/ pull factor.

• push

• pull

​since early 2000s

labour, land

​government policy

​emptying the cage and letting the right birds in

​（騰籠換鳥）

strict pollution control

​The factories had to move again...

​Please complete P.24-27.

Reorder

Reorder the stages of industrial development in HK

• in old urban areas e.g. Kwun Tong

• in industrial estates in new towns e.g. Tai Po Industrial Estate

• relocate in Zhujiang Delta Region (ZDR)

• relocate in inland Guangdong, inland provinces and south/southeast Asian countries

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Changes in industrial areas in HK

​(1) 1950s-1960s:
- old urban areas

(2) ​1970s:
- industrial estates in new towns

​(3) 1980s to early 2000s:
industrial relocation (factories in Zhujiang Delta Region; headquarters in HK)

(4) since early 2000s:
industrial relocation:
- inland areas of Guangdong
- inland provinces
- South/Southeast Asian countries

​Notes P.4

​Please complete P.25-27.

​low production cost

​high production cost

​​high production cost

​​low production cost

Multiple Choice

The number of workers getting employed in the manufactory industry is...

• increasing

• decreasing

Multiple Choice

The importance of manufacturing industry to the local economy has...

• grown rapidly

• declined greatly

Multiple Choice

The mode of production was changed to ________ production in the 1980s.

• single-point

• multi-point

Unit 3
Global shift of manufacturing activity

​Does the shift of the manufacturing industry also happen in other areas?
Or just between HK and ZDR?
p.28, 33

​P.33

Multiple Choice

In 1982, which country contributed the largest share in global industrial output value?

• USA

• Germany

• Japan

• China

Multiple Choice

In 1982, what was the total share of the global industrial output value contributed by the USA, Japan and Germany?

• Around 23%

• Around 33%

• Around 43%

• Around 53%

Multiple Choice

USA, Japan and Germany are all _______ developed countries.

• more

• less

Multiple Choice

How about in 2019, which country was the largest manufacturer in the world?

• USA

• Germany

• Japan

• China

Multiple Choice

Is China a less developed or more developed country?

• more

• less

​less developed countries

Multiple Select

Which of the following are pull factors of LDCs? Why are they favourable to develop manufacturing activity?

• Lower production cost

• Small local market

• Financial incentives given by the government

• Loose pollution control

​Let's have a look at China (one of the LDCs)!

​P.35

​1
2
3

​4 Large local market

government policy

​labour, land

​both factories and market are in LDCs

​(a)

​(b)

​Why is there a shift in manufacturing activity from MDCs to LDCs?

Tesla’s Shanghai plant running at max capacity shows China market irreplaceable - Global Times

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Why is there a shift of manufacturing activity from MDCs to LDCs? -> (B) Facilitating factors

Transnational corporation (TNC) (跨國企業) -> multi-point production

Multiple Choice

Where can we find cheap and low-skilled labour?

• LDCs

• MDCs

Multiple Choice

Where can we find professionals/ high-skilled labour?

• LDCs

• MDCs

​Facilitating factors (1)

​P.35

​Multi-point production adopted by TNCs

Open Ended

Where is Apple's headquarter?

Google Maps

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Open Ended

Where are Apple's factories? Give me 2 examples.

Why is there a shift of manufacturing activity from MDCs to LDCs? -> (B) Facilitating factors

(1)Transnational corporations (TNCs) adopt multi-point production.

​✔reduce production cost; earn more profit $$$

​P.37

​Benefits brought by TNCs:

​(the more we produce, the lower the unit cost)

(2)

(1)

Different factories and headquarters locations in TNCs are like Lego blocks!
We need something to put them together!

​transport technologies

​telecommunications
technologies

​Please complete P. 38-39 (Q3 & 4).

​Please complete P. 40-42 (except Q4).
Check your answer on Google Classroom.

Multiple Choice

P.40 Q1

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.40 Q2

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.40 Q3

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

P.40 Q5

• A

• B

• C

• D

​Please complete P. 41-42.