THE CELL SYSTEM: L1

Discovery of Cells

Objectives

​Lesson One: Structure and Function of Cells

Guiding Questions:
What evidence is there that cells make up all living things?
How do cells determine the structure of living things?

Cell: the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
Microscope: an instrument that makes small objects look larger
Cell Theory: a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things
Distinguish: two separate structures that are close together

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​Vocabulary

Match

Match the following

• Cell Theory

• Distinguish

• Microscope

• Cell

says all living things are made of cells

To recognize differences.

Instrument for viewing small objects.

The basic unit of life.

• says all living things are made of cells

• To recognize differences.

• Instrument for viewing small objects.

• The basic unit of life.

Organisms and Biological Classification

• All living things

  • structured around the most basic living unit: cell

  • grow, change, and develop

  • respond to stimuli

  • utilize energy to live

  • reproduce

• Classification

  • Classification Hierarchy

Hotspot

Which level contains bacteria, archaea, and eukarya?

Labelling

Label the Classification Pyramid

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Kingdom

Order

Class

Domain

Phylum

Family

Genus

Species

​What are cells?

• Cells form the parts of an organism and carry out all of its functions

• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things

  • An organisms functions are the processes that enable it to live, grow, and reproduce

    • Functions include: obtaining oxygen, food, water, and getting rid of waste

      • CELLS ARE INVOLVED IN ALL FUNCTIONS

​History of Cell Theory

• Until the 1600s, nobody knew that cells existed

  • 1590- the 1st microscope was developed

• Technology led to the development of the cell theory

  • cell theory: a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things

1838: Matthias Schleiden: all plants are made of cells
1839: Theodor Schwann: all animals are made of cells
1855: Rudolf Virchow: new cells come from other preexisting cells​

​Important Figures

• Built his own microscope

• Made drawings of what he saw when he looked at dead bark

• Coined the term "cell"

​Robert Hooke

• 1st to see living cells through a microscope

• Looked at lake water, gum scrappings from teeth, water from rain gutters

  • surprised by one-celled organisms

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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Multiple Choice

What did Anton Van Leeuwenhoek see when using his microscope?

• Insects and small animals
• Plant cells and tissues
• Dust particles and fibers
• Microscopic organisms, including bacteria and protozoa.

​What the Cell Theory says

• All living things are composed of cells

• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

• All cells are produced from other cells

​THE CELL THOERY HOLDS TRUE TO ALL LIVING THINGS, NO MATTER HOW BIG OR SMALL!

Multiple Choice

We discussed a scientists yesterday who looked at dead cells and coined the term "cells." Who was the scientist?

• Leeuwenhoek

• Hooke

• Virchow

• Schwann

Multiple Choice

True/ False

Plant cells are rectangular shaped.

• 
  True

• False

Multiple Select

Select all of the principles of the Cell Theory.

• All cells contain a nucleus;
• 1) All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

• All cells come from other pre-existing cells

Labelling

Which of the images are plant cells and which are animals cells?

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Animal cell

Plant cell

​Crash Course: A Tour of The Cell

Microscopes

​How do microscopes work?

• Cell theory would not be possible without the development of the microscope

• Some microscopes focus light through lenses to produce a magnified image, and other microscopes use beams of electrons

  • Light and electron microscopes do the same job but in different ways

  • Both use TWO important properties

    • Magnification and resolution

Parts of a Microscope

• Magnifying glass uses TWO convex lenses

  • Center is thicker than the edges

• Magnification: the condition of living things appearing larger than they are

  • Reveals details you may not have known were there
    

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​Magnification and Lenses

Resolution

• Resolution- the degree to which TWO separate structures that are close together can be distinguished

  • Better resolution = MORE detail

    • Ex. the colors of the newspaper photograph ma appear to your eye as solid patches of color, but if you look at the colors through a microscope, you will see individual dots

    • Better resolution makes it possible to see the details in cells

Open Ended

What does the cell theory state?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

• Cells are the basic unit of life.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
• All living organisms are made up of cells.
• Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

Open Ended

How did technology impact the development of the cell theory?