7.3.3-The Behavior of Gases

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Review

The states of matter : All matter is composed of tiny particles that are always in motion. ​

​The Kinetic Molecular Theory​

Multiple Choice

The kinetic theory states

• Particles won't move if you don't apply energy to it.

• Particles only move in liquids and gases.

• Particles are always in motion.

• At the same temperature the object that has the most mass heats quicker.

1. ​Definition Shape

2. Definite Volume

3. Little movement

​

​Example:

ICE​

Solids

Multiple Choice

Solids are described as having a 

• definite shape and indefinite volume
• indefinite shape and indefinite volume
• definite shape and definite volume
• indefinite shape and definite volume

1. ​NO Definition Shape

   1. Takes the shape of the container.​

2. Definite Volume

3. Molecules have a "FLOW"

   1. Medium Kinetic Energy​

​

​Example:

Water

Liquids

Multiple Choice

Liquid has a definite ___________, but a variable _____________.

• shape, volume
• mass, area
• smell, taste
• volume, shape

Multiple Choice

To make a solid become a liquid, you must increase its________________.

• mass
• density
• kinetic energy
• potential energy

1. ​NO definition Shape

   1. Takes the shape of the container.​

2. NO definite Volume

   1. Fills the volume of the container​

3. Molecules move FAST and Random

   1. High Kinetic Energy​

​

​Example:

Steam

Gas

Change the TEMPERATURE!​

How do we move from one state to the next?

​High Kinetic Energy

​Low Kinetic Energy

Multiple Choice

The energy of an object as it is in motion is defined as

• Kinetic Theory
• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy
• Electric energy

Multiple Choice

In which state of matter are the particles moving the least random

• Gas
• Liquid
• Solid
• Plasma

Multiple Choice

In which state of matter are the particles only vibrating?

• Gas
• Liquid
• Solid
• Plasma

Multiple Choice

Of these three states of matter, which one has the most kinetic energy? 

• Solid 
• Liquid 
• Gas

Multiple Choice

As the _________________ of a gas increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. The particles move farther apart, and volume increases.

• speed

• height

• temperature

• area

Multiple Choice

Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

State of matter that can fill containers with no fixed shape or volume.

• Solid state

• Liquid state

• Gas state

• Plasma state

​Pressure

​Pressure: The amount of force applied per unit of area.

​

​In gases, as pressure increases, volume decreases.

​

​Why?

​

​When the particles in a gas are compressed, they have less space to move around. As a result, the particles start to collide with one another more often — this increases pressure!

​Boyle's Law

​Robert Boyle (1627-1691) was a British scientist. He was the first to describe the relationship between volume and gases. He also proved that gases are made up of atoms.

​

​Boyle's Law

​P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

​

Pressure and Volume have an inverse (opposite) relationship when temperature is held constant.

​

The pressure of a gas increases when the volume decreases.

​

​The pressure of a gas decreases when the volume increases.

​Graphing Boyle's Law

​Pressure is graphed on the x-axis

​Volume is graphed on the y-axis

​

​As pressure increases, volume decreases. This is true only if the temperature of the gas is held constant.

​

​

​Boyle's Law in Action

​Air pressure and flying

​

​On the ground, your middle ear and the air outside have equal pressure.

​

​As the airplane takes off and increases in altitude, the air pressure outside decreases relative to your middle ear.

​

​In response to the decrease in pressure, the trapped air in your middle ear increases in volume, which causes pain.

​Boyle's Law Examples

• Bike pump: When you pump air into a tire, the gas molecules inside the tire get compressed and packed closer together. This increases the pressure of the gas, and it starts to push against the walls of the tire. You can feel how the tire becomes pressurized and tighter.

• Soda Bottles: To get carbon dioxide gas into the liquid, the whole bottle is usually pressurized with gas. As long as the bottle is closed, it is very hard to squeeze, as the gas is confined to a small space and pushes against the bottle's walls. When you remove the cap, however, the available volume increases and some of the gas escapes. At the same time its pressure decreases.

​Boyle's Law Formula

P1 X V1=​ P2 X V2

​

​P=pressure

​V=volume

​*Temperature must be constant

​

​A 200mL can of spray with a pressure of 20kPA is run over by a car and flattened to a volume of 10 mL. What is the new pressure? Should it be greater or less than the initial 20kPA (kilo Pascal)?

20 X 200 = ___ X 10

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between volume and pressure?

• directly related: if one goes up, the other goes up too

• inversely related: if one goes up, the other goes down

• no relationship

Multiple Choice

If volume increases, the pressure __________

• increases

• decreases

• stays the same

Multiple Choice

What happened to the pressure between the two steps?

• pressure increased
• pressure decreased
• pressure stayed the same

Multiple Choice

What happened to the volume between the two steps?

• volume increased
• volume decreased
• volume stayed the same

Multiple Choice

A flask contains 155 cm³ of hydrogen at a pressure of 22.5 kPa. Under what pressure would the gas have a volume of 90.0 cm³ at the same temperature?

• 38.8 kPa

• 43.9 kPa

​Charles's Law: Volume and Temperature are DIRECTLY RELATED

​Charles’s law or the law of volumes is an ideal gas law that states that the volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas are proportional at constant pressure. Doubling the temperature of a gas doubles its volume. Halving the temperature of a gas halves its volume. The law takes its name from French scientist Jacques Charles, who formulated the law in the 1780s.

​Charles's Law Examples

​The official rules of the NFL require footballs to be inflated to a gauge pressure between 12.5 to 13.5 pounds per square inch. The rules do not specify the temperature at which such measurement is to be made. Thus, if a football were inflated to the minimum pressure of 12.5 psi at room temperature, the pressure would drop below the minimum as the gases inside cooled to a colder temperature on the playing field.

AFC Playoff Game Results​

New England Patriots: 45

​Indianapolis Colts: 7

​

​Outside Temperature: 52*F

​Charles's Law Examples

• ​Car tires have lower PSI during the winter

• ​Deodorant spray bottle warning labels: "pressurized container, protect it from sunlight. Do not expose to temperature exceeding 50°C”

• ​Hot Air Balloon-when the gas is heated, it expands, and becomes less dense and the balloon is lifted in the air. The warm is less dense than the cold air, which means that it is lighter than the cold air. Also, the warm air has less mass per unit volume

Multiple Choice

If temperature decreases, volume ________

Think: What could happen to a balloon when it's taken outside on a cold day?

• increases/gets bigger

• decreases/gets smaller

• stays the same

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between temperature and volume?

• related: if one goes up, the other goes up

• inversely related: if one goes up, the other goes down

Multiple Choice

Which law?

• Charles 
• Boyle
• Hooke
• Peter Pan 

Multiple Choice

Which law?

• Boyle

• Charles

• Landis

• Boykin

Multiple Choice

When a basketball is left outside in the cold it goes flat because the volume of air inside the ball has been reduced. What  gas law does this represent?

• Boyle's Law
• Charles's Law

Charles's Law

• relates temperature to volume.

• States "For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the gas's temperature increases.

• Because of Charles's law, an inflated balloon will pop when it gets too hot.

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship is Charles' Law?

• Inverse
• Direct
• Not enough information
• #goals

Multiple Choice

Temperature and pressure are ____________ proportional.

• directly

• inversly

• synergistically

Multiple Choice

The gas in the container is at a pressure of 3.00 atm at 298 K.  What would be the pressure in the container at 325 K?

• P1/T1 = P2/T2

• P1V1 = P2V2

• V1/T1 = V2/T2

• PV = nRT

Multiple Choice

The relationship of which two variables are compared in Charles’s Law?

• pressure & volume
• volume & temperature
• temperature & pressure
• volume & moles (amount of gas)

Multiple Choice

Volume and temperature have a ______ proportionality.

• direct
• inverse
• linear
• exponential

Multiple Choice

Which two variables must be held constant for Charles's Law to apply?

• pressure & volume
• volume & temperature
• pressure & amount of gas

• volume & amount of gas

Multiple Choice

Julian and Jimmy are playing basketball outside in 82°C weather. If they leave the ball outside and temperature drops down to 53°C, what will happen to the volume of the gas in the ball if the pressure remains constant?

• volume will remain the same
• volume will increase
• volume will decrease
• volume will double in size

Multiple Choice

At constant pressure, what happens to temperature of a gas when the volume doubles?

• The temperature also doubles.
• The temperature decreases to half of its original volume.
• The temperature doesn't change.
• The temperature quadruples.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following phenomena best illustrates Charles' Law?

• carbon dioxide being dissolved in water
• expansion of the balloon as it is being submerged in hot water
• breathing apparatus being used by a patient
• leavening agent causing the fluffiness of cake products

Multiple Choice

Boyles Law Is A

• Directly Proportional Relationship

• Inversely Proportional Relationships

Multiple Choice

Boyles Law Tells That

• The More The Volume The Less The Temperature

• The More The Temperature The Less The Pressure

• The More The Volume The More The Pressure

• The More The Pressure The Less The Volume

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship to pressure and volume have?

• direct

• no relationship

• inverse

• I don't know

Multiple Choice

When Volume increases then Pressure must...

• Increase

• Decrease

Multiple Choice

When Pressure increases then the Volume must...

• Increase

• decrease

Multiple Choice

According to Charles Law, if Temperature of a gas increases Volume will also....

• Increases

• Decreases

• Stays the same

Multiple Choice

According to Charles Law, the relationship between Temperature and Volume can best be described as....

• Inverse Relationship

• No Relationship

• Direct Relationship

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT a unit of pressure?

• atm

• torr

• psi

• ml

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT in Boyle's law (because it stays the same?)

• Pressure

• Volume

• Temp

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT in CHARLES's law (because it stays the same?)

• Pressure

• Volume

• Temp

Multiple Select

One goes up, one goes down is which of the following: PICK TWO

• Inverse proportion

• Charles' Law

• Direct Proportion

• Boyles' Law

Multiple Select

BOTH goes up, BOTH goes down is which of the following: PICK TWO

• Inverse proportion

• Charles' Law

• Direct Proportion

• Boyles' Law

Multiple Choice

Which gas law would you use to solve the following:

At 27.00 °C a gas has a volume of 6.00 L. What will the volume be at 150.0 °C?

• Boyles

• Charles

• Lussacs

• Combined

Multiple Choice

Charles' Law States...

• As Pressure goes up volume goes down
• As Pressure goes up temperature goes up
• As Volume goes up temperature goes up 
• As Pressure goes down volume goes down 

Multiple Choice

Which law?

• Charles 
• Boyle
• Hooke
• Peter Pan 

Multiple Choice

Which law?

• Charles

• Boyle

• Diegel

• Mitchell

Multiple Choice

A balloon will pop in the atmosphere because..

• Pressure goes down volume goes up
• Pressure goes up volume goes down
• temperature goes down volume goes up
• volume goes down temperature goes down

Multiple Choice

• This is an example of Charles's law
• This is an example of Boyle's law

Multiple Choice

• this is a graph representing Boyle's law
• this is a graph representing Charles's law