Stem Cells and Gene Expression

Cell Differentiation

Gene Expression - Gene Regulation - Cell Differentiation

https://play.blooket.com/play

Goal of the Day...

We Will...

Explain the process of how a gene is turned off or on and how that specializes a cell.

​What are stem cells?
The human body consists of trillions
of cells, including some 200 different
cell types with specialized functions.
Stem cells, on the other hand, DO NOT have specialized function and
have the potential to develop into many different cell types. Under
certain physiologic or experimental conditions, stem cells can be
induced to become tissue or
organ specific cells with special
functions

​How are stem cells made?
Scientists primarily work with two kinds
of stem cells from and humans:
embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic
"somatic" or "adult" stem cells

​Differentiation

Embryonic stem cells
can be transformed into
any specialized cell type
by changing the growth
media or environmental
factors of the culture
or by manipulating it's
genetic makeup.

The process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins. 

Environmental Factors that Affect:

• Temperature

  • Himalayan Rabbits: temperature affects fur pigment

• pH

• nutrition

Gene Expression

Environmental Factors

Factor that effect expression

• Nutrition

• pH

• temperature

Multiple Choice

Each cell in your body contains the same -

• DNA

• Glucose

• Fatty Acids

• Water

Multiple Choice

Specialized cell types originate from -

• Stem Cells

• Mitosis

• Meiosis

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which biomolecule in the cells provide instructions for the function of different cell types.

• nucleic acid

• carbohydrate

• lipid

• protein

Implantation

Once implanted in the
desired organ, these cells develop into functioning
cells.

The Promise of Stem Cells
Stem cells have the capacity to not only form different types of cells but also to keep
multiplying. These characteristics make stem cells a potential renewable source of
replacement cells for repairing damaged tissue and studying and treating disease and
disabilities including Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal cord
injuries, burns, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis. ​

process that activates or deactivates the expression of a gene

Gene Regulation

process that produces usable mRNA from genetic information in a gene

Gene Expression

How are Gene Expressed?

​Cell Differentiation

​process in which a cell undergoes Gene expression to become a specialized cell

​Gene Expression
making usable mRNA from genetic info

​Gene Regulation
turned on this gene to undergo protein synthesis

​Cell Differentiation
decides what the cell is going to be

Multiple Choice

The role of DNA in cellular differentiation is to -

• provide genes that can be expressed

• mutate DNA when the cell divides

• protect genes during reproduction

• produce energy during respiration

Multiple Select

Why is RNA important to cell differentiation? (Select 2 that Apply)

• RNA binds with DNA to make energy for the cell

• cell makes specific proteins directly from RNA that determines cell type

• cell makes specific proteins directly from RNA that determines cell function

• RNA is sent to the surface of the cell and acts as a receptor for other cells

Goal of the Day...

We Will...

Explain the process of how a gene is turned off or on and how that specializes a cell.

Exit Ticket:

Complete the "Gene Expression, Gene Regulation, and Cell Differentiation" worksheet