Lesson 1.2.1-Solids, Liquids, Gases

states of matter

​

​Lesson 1.2.1

Multiple Choice

Let's see if we remember, what are the 3 states of matter?

• solid, chemicals, and physical reactions

• solid, liquid, gas

• liquids, chemicals, and mass

• McDonalds, Wendys, and Burger King

Science Notebook

Materials

• describe matter in the solid state

• identify properties of liquid matter

• identify properties of gases

• explain the relationship between energy and states of matter

What we will learn...

Lesson Objectives

Plastic Bag

​

Item 1

Poll

My plastic bag is an example of....

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• ​Fixed volume and shape.

• The volume and shape will stay the same unless something adds/removes material or applying force.

• Occur in forms such as; crystalline solids or amorphous (shapeless) solids.

Solids

​Particles stay close together and do not move.

Have particles arranged in regular repeating patterns.

Crystalline Solid

​No definite shape or pattern.

​​Amorphous Solid

Vinegar

​

Item 2

Poll

My vinegar is....

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• a state of matter with a defined volume but no defined shape

• Only take shape of the container they are in.

• Two unique properties

  • Surface tension

  • viscosity

Liquids

​

​Particles move around and take shape of object they are in.

The force that pulls liquids together. For example when water droplets form on a flower petal.

Surface Tension

The liquid's ability to flow. High viscosity will flow slower (honey) compared to low viscosity liquids (water).

Viscosity

Let's experiment

Open Ended

Hypothesis

What do you think is going to happen when I mix the vinegar and baking soda into the plastic bag?

Poll

When the bag expanded this was...

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• No defined shape or volume.

• Spread out evenly and take the volume and shape of their container.

• As a container empties the gas particles will replace the liquid particles and fill it up.

Gases

​

​Particles bounce around wherever they are with no shape.

• Many different forms of energy, such as, kinetic energy.

• Matter is made of particles that are in constant motion (kinetic).

• The kinetic energy of the particles is related the temperature and the state of the matter (solid, liquid, gas)

• The greater the kinetic energy the better chance the particles will move apart.

Kinetic Energy

• The state of matter depends on energy.

  • ability to do work or cause change

• The particles consist of atoms or molecules.

• Particles of the same substance are attracted together.

• The force of the attraction pulls them together and strengthens them.

Energy and States of Matter

​Energy determines the state of matter.

Poll

Which state of matter has the greatest kinetic energy?

• solid

• liquid

• gas

​The attraction between the particles is greater than the kinetic energy (moves slow), which gives them their definite shape and volume.

Solids

​The kinetic energy is great enough to overpower some attractive forces, which allows the particles to take shape of the container and keep a fixed volume.

Liquids

​Have high kinetic energy and overpowers the attractive forces, which allows the particles to move freely. This makes gases not have a fixed shape or volume.

Gases

Categorize

Options (3)

low kinetic energy with compacted particles vibrating in place

high kinetic energy allows particles to move around on their own easily

Kinetic energy allows particles to slide past each other and take shape of container.

Match the description of kinetic energy with the state of matter that would have that energy.

solid

gases

liquid

Let's Review

What did we learn?

• the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases; and

• the state of matter depends on the kinetic energy of its particles.

Open Ended

3,2,1 Let's Review

Tell the 3 states of matter

Tell the 2 types of liquid properties

Tell the 1 type of energy we discussed.

Sentence Starters

The 3 states or matter are...

The 2 properties of liquids are...

One type of energy is....