G6: Managing Data
Presentation
•
Computers
•
7th Grade
•
Practice Problem
•
Easy
Soleha Majeed
Used 30+ times
FREE Resource
52 Slides • 41 Questions
1
Unit 2: Managing Data
2
What is a Statistical Investigation?
A statistical investigation is the process of collecting data to answer a question. We collect information, organize it, and then analyze it to reach a conclusion.
Real-life example:
Finding the average marks of students in a class.
Counting how many goals a player scores in each match to find the average.
Real-life example: Finding your average screen time per day over a week.
3
Multiple Choice
What is a statistical investigation mainly used for?
Drawing pictures
Guessing answers
Collecting data to answer a question
Writing stories
4
Example of a Statistical Investigation
Sofia wants to find the average(mean) number of goals she scored in four football matches.
5
Multiple Choice
What does the mean represent?
Average value
The total value
The lowest value
Nothing
6
Types of Data
There are three main types of data used in statistical investigations:
Categorical data
Discrete data
Continuous data
Real-life example:
A school survey may include favourite colour (categorical), number of siblings (discrete), and height (continuous).
Note: identifying the correct data type helps in choosing the correct graph.
7
Multiple Choice
How many main types of data are there?
1
2
3
4
8
Categorical Data
Categorical data is data that can be grouped into categories. It describes qualities or characteristics.
Examples:
Favourite drink
Favourite subject
Type of pet
Eye colour
Real-life example:
Asking students which type of drink they like most in the canteen (juice, milk, water).
9
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is categorical data?
Height of students
Temperature
Favourite ice cream flavour
Number of books
10
Discrete Data
Discrete data is numerical data that can only take whole numbers. It can be counted.
Examples:
Number of students in a class
Number of pets
Age (in years)
Real-life example:
Counting how many customers visit a shop in one day.
Notes:
Discrete data never includes fractions or decimals.
11
Multiple Choice
Which is an example of discrete data?
Weight of a bag
Time taken in a race
Temperature of water
Number of chairs in a room
12
Continuous Data
Continuous data is numerical data that can have any value, including decimals. It is measured, not counted.
Examples:
Temperature
Height
Weight
Time
Real-life example:
Measuring how long it takes to run 100 meters.
Thermometers and scales are used to collect continuous data.
13
14
Identify the Type of Data (Activity)
Let’s identify the data type:
Temperature of a home throughout the day → ?
Oldest student in a class →?
Most popular drink in the canteen →?
How to collect data:
Temperature: Thermometer or data logger
Oldest student: Asking ages
Popular drink: Questionnaire or survey
15
Multiple Choice
The most popular drink in a school canteen is which type of data?
Discrete
Continuous
Numerical
Categorical
16
Planning a Statistical Investigation:
When planning an investigation, ask:
What do I want to find out?
Who will I ask?
How will I collect the data?
Real-life example:
Finding what pets students in your class have using a survey.
17
Multiple Choice
Which question is the best for a class investigation?
What pets do people have?
What pets do students in my class have?
Do you like animals?
Are pets good?
18
Collecting Data
Data can be collected using:
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
Measuring tools (thermometers, scales)
Real-life example:
Using a thermometer to record classroom temperature every hour.
19
Multiple Choice
Which tool is best for measuring temperature?
Thermometer
Ruler
Questionnaire
20
Multiple Choice
What is the main purpose of a statistical investigation?
To collect data to answer a question
To guess answers
To draw pictures
To tell stories
21
Step 1 – What Do You Want to Find Out?
The first step is to decide exactly what you want to find out. Your question should be clear and focused.
Good example:
What pets do students in my class have?
Poor example:
What pets do people have?
Real-life example:
A school wants to know which lunch option students prefer.
22
Multiple Choice
Which is a clear investigation question?
What do people like?
What pets do students in my class have?
Are animals good?
Do you like pets?
23
What Questions Will You Ask?
You must ask questions that give you the exact information you need. Think about the type of answers you want.
Types of answers:
Multiple choice
Yes/No
Short answer
Real-life example:
Favourite food survey using multiple-choice options.
24
Multiple Choice
Why should survey questions be clear?
To confuse people
To save paper
To get accurate data
To make them longer
25
You must decide who will answer your questions. This depends on what you want to find out.
Examples:
Class survey → Ask classmates
School canteen survey → Ask students from different classes.
Step 3 – Who Will You Ask?
26
Multiple Choice
If you want to know class preferences, who should you ask?
Teachers only
Parents
Shopkeepers
Students in your class
27
The way you collect data depends on the type of information.
Methods:
Questionnaire
Online form
Observation
Measuring tools (thermometer, timer)
Step 4 – How Will You Collect the Data?
28
Multiple Choice
Which tool is best for measuring temperature?
Questionnaire
Thermometer
Calculator
Notebook
29
Using Spreadsheets in Investigations
A spreadsheet helps you store, organize, and calculate data.
What spreadsheets can do:
Add, subtract, multiply, divide
Find averages
Store large amounts of data
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Using Spreadsheets in Investigations
31
Multiple Choice
Which symbol is used for division in a spreadsheet?
*
÷
/
–
32
Representing Data – Charts and Graphs
Charts and graphs are visual representations of data. They help us understand information quickly.
Examples:
Bar chart for favourite pets
Pie chart for favourite drinks
33
Multiple Choice
Why are charts useful? (easy)
They make data confusing
They help compare data easily
34
What is a Database?
A database is a tool used to store, organize, and search large amounts of data.
Real-life examples:
School student records
Car registration records
Library systems
Note:
Databases are used when data is large.
35
Multiple Choice
What is a database mainly used for? (In easy words)
for creating websites.
for designing graphics.
for writing code.
for storing and managing data.
36
Searching and Filtering Data
Databases allow us to search and filter data using criteria.
Searching and filtering data involves finding specific information (search)
Narrowing down large datasets to relevant subsets (filter) using criteria
Example:
Finding people who like pineapple from a fruit database.
.
37
Searching and Filtering Data
Criteria: Criteria are the rules or conditions used to select specific data from a large set of data
Examples:
Age = 12
Favourite sport = Cricket
Marks ≥ 70
Real-Life Example:
Filtering students who scored more than 80 marks.
38
Other Tools for an Investigation
When planning an investigation, we can use different tools to help us collect, record, and present data. Choosing the right tool makes the investigation easier, faster, and more accurate.
39
Other Tools for an Investigation
One common tool is a word processor (like MS Word or Google Docs). It is used to:
Write the investigation report
Create a list of questions
Edit and improve writing
A word processor is useful because it:
Checks spelling and grammar automatically
Allows easy editing
Can be printed or emailed
40
Other Tools for an Investigation
Real-Life Example
A student writes survey questions in Google Docs and emails them to the teacher for checking before sharing them with others.
Note: Word processors are mainly used for writing and presenting, not for collecting large amounts of data.
41
Multiple Choice
Which tool is best for writing and editing an investigation report?
42
Managing Data Using Online Forms
To manage data efficiently, we can use online forms (such as Google Forms). Online forms help us create questionnaires that people can fill in easily.
A questionnaire is a set of questions used to collect information from people.
Using online forms:
Saves paper
Saves time
Collects answers automatically
Real-Life Example
Schools use Google Forms to collect students’ subject choices or feedback about school events.
43
Multiple Choice
What is a questionnaire?
A story
A set of questions to collect data
A chart
A computer virus
45
Advantages of Using Online Forms
Online forms are very useful because:
You do not need to print paper copies
People can fill them from anywhere
A link can be shared by email or website
Responses are collected automatically
Real-Life Example
A shop owner sends a feedback form link to customers after purchase.
46
Multiple Choice
One advantage of online forms is:
They waste paper
They are slow
They cannot be shared
They collect answers automatically
47
Online Forms and Spreadsheets
Online forms automatically send responses to a spreadsheet. A spreadsheet helps us:
Store data
Sort and filter data
Create charts and graphs
Real-Life Example
Survey answers from Google Forms appear instantly in Google Sheets for analysis.
48
Multiple Choice
Where are online form responses stored automatically?
Word document
Email inbox
Spreadsheet
Website
49
Unplugged Activity – Choosing the Best Tool
50
Multiple Choice
Which tool is best for recording test results for a whole class?
Word processo
Spreadsheet
Calculator
Drawing tool
51
Pair Activity – Explain Your Choice
Work with a partner:
Choose one investigation
Explain why you selected a specific tool
This improves thinking and communication skills.
Real-Life Example
Two students explain why a spreadsheet is better than paper for storing marks.
52
Multiple Choice
Why do we explain our tool choice?
To waste time
To improve understanding
To avoid work
To confuse others
53
Disadvantages of Using Online Forms
Work with a partner:
Choose one investigation
Explain why you selected a specific tool
This improves thinking and communication skills.
Real-Life Example
Two students explain why a spreadsheet is better than paper for storing marks.
54
Multiple Choice
One disadvantage of online forms is
Need for internet
Easy sharing
Automatic results
No paper use
55
Planning a Form – Why It Is Important
Forms are often used to collect personal details or opinions.
Examples:
School admission forms
Competition entry forms
Feedback forms
Planning helps make forms:
Clear
Easy to answer
Accurate
56
Multiple Choice
Why is planning a form important?
only useful for large organizations.
It complicates the data collection process.
for organizing information and ensuring effective data collection.
It is unnecessary for data management.
57
What is a Spreadsheet?
A spreadsheet is a digital document organised into a large grid.
• Each box in the grid is called a cell.
• Cells are arranged in rows (numbers) and columns (letters).
• Each row has a unique number.
• Each column has a unique letter.
👉 Unique means there is only one of it – just like you!
Real-life example:
• Schools use spreadsheets to store students’ marks.
• Shops use spreadsheets to track sales.
• Businesses use spreadsheets to calculate profit.
58
Multiple Choice
What is each box in a spreadsheet called?
59
Features of a Spreadsheet
Main features:
Grid made of rows and columns
Cells for storing data
Can perform calculations
Can create charts and graphs
Can organise and analyse data
Spreadsheets are powerful because they do more than store information — they calculate automatically!
Example: If you change one number in a marks sheet, the total updates automatically.
60
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a spreadsheet?
Performing calculations
Storing data
Making phone calls
Creating charts
61
Understanding Cell References
Each cell has an address called a cell reference.
A cell reference is made of: Column letter + Row number
Example: B3 → Column B, Row 3
The letter tells us how far across. The number tells us how far down.
Real-life example: It is like a house address: Street name (column) + house number (row)
62
Multiple Choice
In the cell reference D7, what does 7 represent?
Column
Worksheet name
Row
Function
63
Why Are Cell References Important?
Cell references allow us to:
• Use values in calculations
• Create formulas
• Automatically update results
Instead of typing numbers manually, we use cell references.
Example: If A1 = 5 and A2 = 10 Formula: =A1+A2 Result = 15
If we change A1 to 8 → Result becomes 18 automatically
64
Multiple Choice
Why do we use cell references in formulas?
To decorate the spreadsheet
To automatically use cell values in calculations
To change font style
To delete data
65
What is a Formula?
A formula is an instruction to perform a calculation.
Important Rule: Every formula must start with =
Arithmetic operators:
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication / Division
Example: =C3*D4
If C3 = 2 and D4 = 4 Answer = 8
66
Multiple Choice
All spreadsheet formulas must begin
67
Where Do We Write Formulas?
• Write formulas in a separate cell
• Do NOT write the formula in the cells you are calculating from
You can type formulas:
Directly into the cell
In the formula bar at the top
Real-life example: In a shop spreadsheet: Column B = Quantity Column C = Price Column D = Total
Formula in D2: =B2*C2
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Where is the formula bar?
69
Multiple Choice
Why should formulas be written in a separate cell?
To avoid replacing original data
To make it colourful
To hide numbers
To delete rows
70
What is a Function?
A function is a ready-made formula built into spreadsheet software.
It saves time because the formula is already written for us.
We will focus on:
• SUM → Adds numbers
• AVERAGE → Finds the mean
Real-life example: Teacher calculating class average marks.
72
Match
Match the following
=B2 + C2 + D2
=SUM(B2:D2)
=Average(B2:D2)
=B2/2
Sum Formula
SUM function
Average Function
Division formula
Sum Formula
SUM function
Average Function
Division formula
73
Drag and Drop
74
Planning Before Creating a Spreadsheet
Before creating a spreadsheet, you must PLAN carefully.
Ask yourself:
• What data do I want to use?
• What headings will I need?
• How will I organise the data?
• What format will the data be in?
• What calculations do I need?
• What formulas or functions will I use?
75
Planning Before Creating a Spreadsheet
Planning helps avoid confusion and mistakes.
Real-Life Example: If you want to calculate how many hours you watch TV in a week, you must:
• Create a column for days
• Create a column for hours watched
• Leave a blank cell for TOTAL hours
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Open Ended
What will you include when planning to save money every week?
77
Multiple Choice
Why is planning important before creating a spreadsheet?
To waste time
To organise data properly and avoid mistakes
To make it colourful
78
Thinking About Data and Headings
Headings explain what each column contains.
Example (TV Hours Spreadsheet):
Day | Hours Watched Monday | 2 Tuesday | 1
Headings must:
• Be clear
• Match the data
• Be easy to understand
Real-Life Example: In a class marks spreadsheet: Student Name | Maths | English | Science | Total
79
Multiple Choice
How does planning a spreadsheet helps? (in easy words)
80
Multiple Choice
What is the purpose of headings in a spreadsheet? (in simple words)
81
Choosing Data Format
Data format means the type of data stored in a cell.
Examples:
• Numbers (marks, prices)
• Text (names)
• Currency ($10.00)
• Date (12/05/2026)
• Percentage (75%)
Correct formatting helps calculations work properly.
Real-Life Example: If price is not formatted as currency, totals may look confusing.
82
Data types in Excel
83
Multiple Choice
Which data format would you use for money?
Text
Date
Currency
Percentage
84
TRY to use different data types in Excel
85
Planning Calculations
Before entering data, think about:
• What totals are needed?
• Do I need averages?
• Do I need subtraction or multiplication?
Example: To calculate weekly TV hours: =SUM(B2:B8)
To calculate average marks: =AVERAGE(C2:C10)
Always leave space for calculations.
86
Multiple Choice
Which function in excel would you use to calculate total hours?
87
How to Select Data
You can select data by:
Typing cell references (A1:A10)
Clicking and dragging over cells
Both methods allow you to include the correct data in formulas.
Example: =SUM(B2:B10)
88
Multiple Choice
Which symbol shows a range of cells?
89
Dropdown
90
Weather Data Investigation (Activity 5) pg 131
A spreadsheet contains one month of weather data:
Maximum temperature
Minimum temperature
Humidity
Pressure
Wind direction
91
Weather Data Investigation (Activity 5) pg 131 - Click on this link.
92
Multiple Choice
Why can’t we calculate the average wind direction?
It is text data
It is too long
It is a number
It is currency
93
Weather Data Investigation (Activity 5) pg 131
A spreadsheet contains one month of weather data:
Maximum temperature
Minimum temperature
Humidity
Pressure
Wind direction
Unit 2: Managing Data
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