Chapter 8 : Connecting Ideas

Chapter 8: Connecting ideas

​T. Yuka Nov, 2024

Poll

Have you watched the video from group 1?

• Yes

• No

• Yes, but haven't finished yet.

• I don't know

Draw

How do you feel now?

Draw something to express your feeling today.

Word Cloud

Give examples of connecting ideas that you know.

Connecting ideas
and, but, or, so

​Independent clause + Coordinating Conjunction + Independent clause

Formula

​Example: “I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.”

Connecting ideas with And (p.226)

AND

Definition: "And" is a coordinating conjunction used to add or link ideas that are related or of equal importance.

Examples:

“She likes apples and oranges.” (connecting items)

“We went to the park, and we had a picnic.” (connecting sentences)

Multiple Choice

True or False:

I saw a cat, you saw a mouse.

• True

• False

Connecting ideas with But and Or p.228

Definition: "But" is a coordinating conjunction used to show contrast between two ideas or statements.

Example: “She wanted to go outside, but it was raining.”

Or

But

• Definition: "Or" is a coordinating conjunction used to provide options or choices.

• Example: “Do you want tea or coffee?”

• Formula: Choice 1 + "or" + Choice 2

• Example: “You can study now, or you can watch TV later.”

• Explanation: Offers an alternative or option between two ideas.

Or

Formula: Idea 1 + "but" + Idea 2 (usually a contrasting idea)

Example: “I like coffee, but I don’t like tea.”

Explanation: Shows a difference or contrast between two related ideas.

But

Connecting ideas with But and Or p.228

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence

“Would you like to read a novel ___ watch a movie?”

• or

• and

• but

• so

• Formula: Cause/Reason + "so" + Result/Consequence

• Example: “It started raining, so we canceled the picnic.”

• Explanation: "So" connects an action to its outcome/result or consequence.

• Definition: "So" is a coordinating conjunction used to show that one action or idea is the result of another.

• Example: “She was tired, so she went to bed early.”

So

Connecting ideas with So p.230

"So" focuses on the effect/result

Multiple Choice

True or False

It began to rain, so I didn't open my umbrella.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence.

I was tired, ___ I went to bed.

• or

• so

• because

• but

Auxiliary verb after but and and

After and and but, we can leave out a repeated subject or a subject + auxiliary verb.
Example:
BUT
I don't like tea, but my sister does.
I will not be here tomorrow, but she will.
AND
I don't like apple, and he doesn't either.
I have seen that movie, and Pat has too.

affirmative + and + affirmative
negative + and + negative

And

negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative

But

Remember!

Reorder

Reorder the following

• I

• like banana

• , but

• my mother

• does not.

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence.

Alex goes to college, and his friends ___

• do too

• doesn't

• doesn't either

• did too

And + too, so, either, neither

Subject	​Verb	,​and	​	​auxiliaries	​
I	study	, and	she	does	too
I	study	​, and	​so	​does	she.
​I	​don't study	, and​	​she	​doesn't	either
​I	​don't study	, and​	​neither	​does	she.

​After the sentence
too: subject + aux + too
so: so + aux + subject

​After the sentence
either: subject + aux + either
neither: neither + aux + subject

Because

"Because" focuses on the cause/reason

I love you because you are kind.

Why do you love me?
Reason: Because you are kind.

Main clause: I love you.
Adverb clause: because you are kind.

An adverb clause is NOT a complete sentence.
Because introduces an adverb clause
because + subject + verb = adverb clause
you need to put comma (,) between adverb clause and main clause, if the adverb clause is in the beginning of a sentence.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence.

• He drank water. Because he was thirsty.

• He drank water, because he was thirsty.

• Because he was thirsty. He drank water.

• Because he was thirsty, he drank water.

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Jim sat

• in the shade

• because

• he was

• hot

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Even though / Although

Even though/although expresses an unexpected or opposite result.

Even though and although introduce an adverb clause.
Example:
Even though I was hungry, I did not eat Although I was hungry, I did not eat.
I did not eat even though I was hungry. I did not eat although I was hungry.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence.

• Even though I was sleepy I did not sleep.

• Even though I was sleepy, I did not sleep.

• I did not sleep. Even though I was sleepy.

• I did not sleep, even though I was sleepy.

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence.

____ the weather is cold, Rick isn't wearing a jacket.

• Although

• Because

• But

• And