Chapter 8 : Connecting Ideas

Chapter 8: Connecting ideas

​T. Yuka Nov, 2024

Poll

Have you watched the video from group 1?

• Yes

• No

• Yes, but haven't finished yet.

• I don't know

Draw

How do you feel now?

Draw something to express your feeling today.

Word Cloud

Give examples of connecting ideas that you know.

Connecting ideas
and, but, or, so

​Independent clause + Coordinating Conjunction + Independent clause

Formula

​Example: “I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.”

Connecting ideas with And (p.226)

AND

Definition: "And" is a coordinating conjunction used to add or link ideas that are related or of equal importance.

Examples:

“She likes apples and oranges.” (connecting items)

“We went to the park, and we had a picnic.” (connecting sentences)

Multiple Choice

True or False:

I saw a cat, you saw a mouse.

• True

• False

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentence:

The teacher

the students enjoyed the trip.

Connecting ideas with But and Or p.228

Definition: "But" is a coordinating conjunction used to show contrast between two ideas or statements.

Example: “She wanted to go outside, but it was raining.”

Or

But

• Definition: "Or" is a coordinating conjunction used to provide options or choices.

• Example: “Do you want tea or coffee?”

• Formula: Choice 1 + "or" + Choice 2

• Example: “You can study now, or you can watch TV later.”

• Explanation: Offers an alternative or option between two ideas.

Or

Formula: Idea 1 + "but" + Idea 2 (usually a contrasting idea)

Example: “I like coffee, but I don’t like tea.”

Explanation: Shows a difference or contrast between two related ideas.

But

Connecting ideas with But and Or p.228

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence

“Would you like to read a novel ___ watch a movie?”

• or

• and

• but

• so

Fill in the Blanks

Add and, but, or or. Add commas if necessary.

I washed my shirt

it didn't get clean.

• Formula: Cause/Reason + "so" + Result/Consequence

• Example: “It started raining, so we canceled the picnic.”

• Explanation: "So" connects an action to its outcome/result or consequence.

• Definition: "So" is a coordinating conjunction used to show that one action or idea is the result of another.

• Example: “She was tired, so she went to bed early.”

So

Connecting ideas with So p.230

"So" focuses on the effect/result

Multiple Choice

True or False

It began to rain, so I didn't open my umbrella.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence.

I was tired, ___ I went to bed.

• or

• so

• because

• but

Auxiliary verb after but and and

After and and but, we can leave out a repeated subject or a subject + auxiliary verb.
Example:
BUT
I don't like tea, but my sister does.
I will not be here tomorrow, but she will.
AND
I don't like apple, and he doesn't either.
I have seen that movie, and Pat has too.

affirmative + and + affirmative
negative + and + negative

And

negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative

But

Remember!

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentence.

Sam and Andre are not in the basketball team today, but Adam

Reorder

Reorder the following

• I

• like banana

• , but

• my mother

• does not.

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence.

Alex goes to college, and his friends ___

• do too

• doesn't

• doesn't either

• did too

And + too, so, either, neither

Subject	​Verb	,​and	​	​auxiliaries	​
I	study	, and	she	does	too
I	study	​, and	​so	​does	she.
​I	​don't study	, and​	​she	​doesn't	either
​I	​don't study	, and​	​neither	​does	she.

​After the sentence
too: subject + aux + too
so: so + aux + subject

​After the sentence
either: subject + aux + either
neither: neither + aux + subject

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences using the given words. Pay special attention to word order.

(too, James)

Marco has an apple, and

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences using the given words. Pay special attention to word order.

(so, James)

Marco has an apple, and

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences using the given words. Pay special attention to word order.

(either, Danny)

Luke doesn't have enemy, and

Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences using the given words. Pay special attention to word order.

(neither, Danny)

Luke doesn't have enemy, and

Because

"Because" focuses on the cause/reason

I love you because you are kind.

Why do you love me?
Reason: Because you are kind.

Main clause: I love you.
Adverb clause: because you are kind.

An adverb clause is NOT a complete sentence.
Because introduces an adverb clause
because + subject + verb = adverb clause
you need to put comma (,) between adverb clause and main clause, if the adverb clause is in the beginning of a sentence.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence.

• He drank water. Because he was thirsty.

• He drank water, because he was thirsty.

• Because he was thirsty. He drank water.

• Because he was thirsty, he drank water.

Reorder

Reorder the following

• Jim sat

• in the shade

• because

• he was

• hot

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Even though / Although

Even though/although expresses an unexpected or opposite result.

Even though and although introduce an adverb clause.
Example:
Even though I was hungry, I did not eat Although I was hungry, I did not eat.
I did not eat even though I was hungry. I did not eat although I was hungry.

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct sentence.

• Even though I was sleepy I did not sleep.

• Even though I was sleepy, I did not sleep.

• I did not sleep. Even though I was sleepy.

• I did not sleep, even though I was sleepy.

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence.

____ the weather is cold, Rick isn't wearing a jacket.

• Although

• Because

• But

• And