Untitled Lesson 1

The functions of language

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Language has ______ main functions

Discourse analysis

• Overview

• Linguistic element

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Language has two main functions __________ and transactional

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The ............ concerned with the maintenance of social relationships

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The interactional discourse concerned with the maintenance of

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Language has two main functions interactional and ...................

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The ................. is concerned with transmission of information

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The transactional discourse is concerned with of information

Multiple Choice

Most language is not wholly transactional or interactional but a mix of both

• TRUE

• FALSE

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In daily life, what do people tend to use to make their relationship more friendly?

Categorize

Options (5)

less formal

less precise

more communicative

more articulate

more sophisticated

Organize these options into the right categories

Spoken language

written language

Multiple Select

the analysis of ______ _________ is known as discourse analysis

• written language

• spoken language

• text

• sign

Open Ended

What is spoken discourse analysis?

Open Ended

What is written discourse analysis?

Discourse cohesion
a linking within a text that holds a text together and gives it meaning is cohesion

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What is grammatical cohesion based on?

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cohesion can be divide into ....... and lexical cohesion

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Name 4 types of GRAMMATICAL COHESION

,

,

,

Open Ended

What is "Exophoric" & "Endophoric" reference

Multiple Choice

Which reference are classified into two classes?

• Exophoric reference

• Endophoric reference

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Endophoric reference is classified into:

-

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there are ..... main types of reference

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Three main types of reference are:

,

,

,

Open Ended

Write some examples of demonstrative reference:

Open Ended

Write some examples of comparative reference:

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there are ..... main types of substitution

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Three main types of substitution are:

,

,

,

Multiple Select

We can think of Ellipsis as

• ommission

• zero substitution

• reference

• conjunction

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Just like substitution, ellipsis has three type. They are:

,

,

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There are .... main types of conjunction

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Four main types of conjunction are:

,

,

,

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Additive conjunction (which means "add") are:

,

,

Open Ended

Temporal conjunction (which means "time order") are:

Open Ended

Adversial conjunction (which shows the contrary) are

Open Ended

Causual (which shows the cause and consequence) are

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Lexical cohesion refers to .....

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cohesion can be divide into grammatical cohesion and ...................

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There are .... basic categories of lexical cohesion

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The basics categories of lexical devices are:

,

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Type of reiterations are:

,

,

,

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Using a word repeatedly can make the text is more coherent and the writer uses less number of ......

Open Ended

What is COLLOCATION?

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A _______ item is a word or phrase, the identity of which can be determined by referring to other parts of the text or the situation.

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With _______, a substitute word of phrase is replaced by another, for example, Which book do you want? I'll take the red one. In this example the word book is substituted by one.

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"It" is defined as a variation on substitution. It is described by them as ‘substi­tution by zero', that is to say, something is omitted. Where _______ occurs, something is left unsaid, it is true, but, at the same time, it is nevertheless understood.

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_______ is the way in which words are used regularly together.

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_______ of a lexical item in a text may be by repetition of a word, use of a synonym, a near synonym, a superordinate or a general class word.

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The remainder of the clause, what is not part of the theme, is referred to as the ______.

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Everything in the clause which is not theme is the ______.

Multiple Choice

In this sentence, which type of reference does “we” belong to?

“In the medical field we can say by nuclear ray sometimes we can treat a cancer patient.”

• Homophoric reference

• Exophoric reference

• Anaphoric reference

Multiple Choice

It consists of reference, ellipsis, substitution, and conjunction.

• Lexical cohesion

• Grammatical cohesion

Multiple Choice

There are six types of it: Repetition, Synonymy, Antonymy, Hyponymy, Meronymy and Collocation

• Lexical cohesion

• Grammatical cohesion

Multiple Choice

It can be defined as the set of resources for constructing relations in discourse which transcend the grammatical structure.

• Cohesion

• Coherence

• Theme

• Rheme

Multiple Choice

It is the second part of the clause in which Theme is developed, and usually contains unfamiliar information, or new knowledge that a writer assumes his/her readers do not know.

• Theme

• Rheme

Multiple Choice

It is the element that serves as the point of departure of the message and locates and orients the clause within its context

• Theme

• Rheme

Multiple Choice

It is a group of two or more words that are almost always put together to create a specific meaning.

• Cohesion

• Collocation

Multiple Choice

It refers to words that are repeated in the text, as well as words that have changed to reflect tense or number.

• Repetition

• Cohesion

• Collocation

Multiple Choice

Cohesion focuses more on the lexical and grammar in sentence formation.

• True

• False

• Somehow true

• Somehow false

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Two women are talking in front of the shop. One is my wife and the other is her

boss.

"One" and "the other" refers to ____.

Multiple Choice

Since, next, however, therefore, similarly are all examples of

• Antecedents

• Pronouns

• Synonyms

• Transitional words

Multiple Choice

They promote authoritarian leaders, and they fan the flames of political violence that are a threat to our personal rights, to the pursuit of justice, to the rule of law, to the very soul of this country. The underlined word is a ... .

• conjunction

• substitution

Multiple Choice

Lexical words

• are simply nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs

• are measures of how much information there is in a particular piece of language

• give little or no information about what a text is about

• tend to have a higher lexical density than spoken texts which tend to have more grammatical items than content

• e kind of complexity that is typical of written language

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______ _____ tend to have a higher lexical density than spoken texts which tend to have more grammatical items than co

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Linking within a text together and gives it meaning is ______

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A text is ________when the elements are tied together and considered meaningful to the reader

Multiple Select

Grammatical cohesion includes 4 devices such as

• reference

• substitution

• ellipsis

• conjunction

• reiteration

Multiple Select

Cohesion

• is the semantic relation between one element and another in a text

• realized through grammar and vocabulary

• can be divided into grammatical and lexical cohesion

• includes 4 devices such as (1)reference, (2)substitution, (3)ellipsis (tĩnh lược), and (4)conjunction

• is divided into (1)reiteration and (2)collocation

Multiple Select

Lexical cohesion is divided into

• reiteration

• collocation

• reference

• substitution

• ellipsis

Multiple Choice

In the following sentence,  “Actually” is the interpersonal theme and “ the concert” is topical theme:  Actually, the concert was beyond my expectation

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

    Interpersonal themes reveal both the information and the attitude of the speaker.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Clausal Ellipsis is a cohesive device used in: (1) The symphony was written in 1812. (2) It is considered to be one of the finest in the repertoire of nineteenth century symphonic compositions

• true

• false

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1.    ..................................... is a cohesive device in:

A: Have the children gone to sleep?

B: They must have done

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Theme, in this lesson, can be viewed as everything that ......

Match

Match the following

• interpersonal

• topical

• rheme

• textual

• Jack gets good mark

express attitude of the speaker/reader

express the topic

like the clause to the rest

In addition

topical theme

• express attitude of the speaker/reader

• express the topic

• like the clause to the rest

• In addition

• topical theme

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Yesterday I saw Michael. He didn't seem to be very happy

This sentence shows:

proposition

• the meaning of the utterance (nghĩa cốt lõi của phát ngôn)

• a proposition is a single statement about some entity or event

• a sentence may contain a single/several propositions

proposition rules

​ - there are 37 proposition rules

Open Ended

#1 - S + V(intransitive)

She was sleeping

Open Ended

#2 - S + V(monotransitive)

Mary reads a book

Open Ended

#3 - S + V(ditransitive)

Kathy bought a book for him.

Open Ended

#4 - S + O + OC (ditransitive)

We call him a fool.

Open Ended

#5 - S+ V+ To V

Jack decided to make a plan

Open Ended

#6 - S + V + VING

John enjoys reading.

Open Ended

#7 - S + V + V-ING + (O)

John enjoys reading books

Open Ended

#8 - S + V + Prep V-ing

we came from jogging

Open Ended

#9 - S + V + Prep Phrase

we came from Hue

Open Ended

#10 - S + V + NOT

He didn't come