Untitled Lesson

城市

镇

村

Introduction to settlements

Go through the video below and write a short note.

浏览下面的视频并写一个简短的说明。

Rural Settlements 农村住区

The term “settlement” means any place where people live.

Rural settlements have a certain patterns.

A dispersed 分散模式 pattern means the houses and farms are
spread out over a large area. This happens in areas with low
population density.

Nucleated settlements 有核沉are when the homes and buildings
are close to each other and some central feature (like a church or
town square).

Why does this happen? The reasons can be both geographical and
historical.

- Limited area of good, flat land.

- Easy to defend against attack.

- Limited water supply.

- Close to a trade route.

These are often called villages.

Village Patterns. 村庄模式

A village that has its pattern along a major transportation route
(such as a road) is called a linear settlement.

A village that grows outwards from a crossroads, is called a
cruciform (or cross) settlement.

A “green” village settlement pattern radiates outwards from a
central village green or common.

Growth of Settlements 定居点的增长

Settlement usually start in an area with good:

- Near water

- Good land for farming and building things.

- Good access to trade routes.

- Fair climate

定居点通常从以下地区开始： - 靠近水 - 适合耕种和建筑的好土地。
- 贸易路线交通便利。 - 宜人的气候

Examples include many cities founded in America: Wuxi, Shanghai,
Beijing. They were close to water (rivers, coast), flat, and access for
trade.

Settlement Hierarchy 结算层次结构

What does the term “hierarchy” mean?

It means things are put in some sort of order based on

different criteria: best/worst, biggest/smallest,
fastest/slowest… etc.

Settlement hierarchy means that places are put in order

based on their size and services they provide to the
population.

The higher up the hierarchy, the bigger the population and

the more services there are.

1. Village 村

2. Town 镇

3. City 城市

Settlement Hierarchy (continued)

Copy down this settlement hierarch diagram.

Theme #2

Population & Settlement

Grade 9 IGCSE Geography

Units 1.5 & 1.6 – Rural and Urban Settlement

Patterns 农村和城市聚落模式

Lesson #1

Review of the previous lesson

What is the meaning of the following words:

1. City

2. Cruciform settlement

3. Site

4. A dry point site

5. Wet point site

6. Lower order functions

7. Higher order functions

1.A city is a large, permanent human settlement typically characterized by significant

population size, a complex infrastructure (such as roads, buildings, and utilities), and

economic, cultural, and political functions.

2.A cruciform settlement is a type of settlement pattern that is shaped like a cross. The

settlement typically has roads or streets that intersect at right angles, forming a cross-like

shape.

3.Site is the physical location or place where a settlement is situated.

4.A dry point site is a location for settlement that is raised above such as small hills and less

affected by flooding.

5.A wet point site is to a location that is near a reliable source of water, such as a river, lake, or

spring.

6.Lower order functions are the basic services or activities necessary for daily life and are

provided at the local level example, small market catchment.

7.Higher order functions are specialized services or activities that are more complex and

require a larger population base to sustain them. These services tend to be provided at

higher levels of settlement, such as cities.

8.Sphere of influence an area that a settlement serves.

Relationship between population size and number

of services

Services

Settlements offer services to people in the main settlement but also
to ones outside the settlement. This is called the “sphere of
influence”.

Rural areas tend to have fewer services and are usually low order

services. This means cheaper everyday items.

Urban areas have low order services (lots of them) as well as high

order services. These are more expensive items not needed every
day: clothes, furniture, electronics… etc.

Sometimes people have to travel to reach these services. This is

called the range.

For any business to earn profit, it needs a minimum number of

customers. This is called the threshold population. Shops selling
low order goods usually have a high threshold population as they
need many customers daily.

Case study of Lozere in south east france

Graph Activity

From pages 45 to 47, let’s work on the case study map activity about
Lozère, France.

Class assignment

Questions 1 - 6

1.a) 53102

b) 51100

2. a) 51104

b) 5299

3. 2.7 km

4. a) 4.8 km

b) 8 km

5. South west

6. Coastal, lots of water