Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

What are Bonds?

Atoms bond with each other to form molecules.

These bonds can be intramolecular (within a molecule) or intermolecular (between molecules).

Intramolecular bonds hold atoms together within a molecule. There are three main types:

ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.

Intramolecular Bonds

In ionic bonding, one atom donates an electron to another atom to achieve stability.

Ionic Bonds

Multiple Choice

In an ionic bond, atoms achieve stability by:

• • Sharing electrons

• • Exchanging protons

• • Transferring electrons

  • (gaining and losing)

• • Ignoring electrons

Multiple Choice

Cations are ions with a _________ charge.

• positive

• negative

Multiple Choice

Anions are ions with a __________ charge.

• positive

• negative

Draw

Aluminum and Chlorine

Draw

Lithium and Nitrogen

Open Ended

Be₃N₂

Open Ended

Na₂O

Multiple Choice

MgO

• Ionic

• Covalent

In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

Covalent Bonds

Multiple Choice

Covalent bonds involve

• • Transferring electrons

  • (gain and lose)

• • Sharing electrons

• • Ignoring electrons

• • Exchanging protons

Multiple Choice

What would be the correct name of CO₂

• Carbon Dioxide

• Carbon Oxygen

• Carbon Dioxygen

Multiple Choice

What would be the correct name of N₂O₃

• Nitroxide

• Dinitrogen Trioxide

• Trinitrogen Dioxide

Multiple Choice

What would be the name of NCl₂

• Mononitrogen Dichloride

• Dinitrogen Monochloride

• Nitrogen Dichloride

Multiple Choice

Bromine monoflouride

• Br₁F₁
• BrF
• Br₂F
• BrF₂

In metallic bonding, electrons are delocalized, creating a "sea of electrons" that surrounds positively charged ions.

Metallic Bonds

Multiple Choice

Metallic bonds are characterized by:

• • Shared electrons.

• • Transferred electrons

• sea of electrons

• • No electrons

Intermolecular forces are the bonds between different molecules. They include dipole-dipole forces, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces.

Intermolecular Forces

What are Intermolecular Attractions

• Weak attractions between molecules

• Weaker then Ionic and covalent bonds

• Responsible for determining whether a compound is a solid liquid or gas

Van der Waals Forces

• The weakest force between molecules

• Includes both dipole interactions and dispersion interactions

• Found between both polar and non-polar bonds

• The only forces found in non-polar molecules

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

• When two dipole molecules interact with each other through space.

• The partially negative portion of one polar molecule is attracted to the partially positive portion of a second molecule.

• Can not happen between non-polar molecules

• 
  

Hydrogen Bonds

• Attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom

• Oxygen, Nitrogen and Fluorine

• Hydrogen- The only chemically reactive element with valence electrons that are not shielded from the nucleus by other electrons.

• The strongest intermolecular forces

Multiple Choice

What is the strongest intermolecular forces in the molecule?

• Van der Waals Forces

• Hydrogen bonds

• Dispersion Forces

Multiple Choice

What is the strongest intermolecular forces?

• Hydrogen bonds

• Van der Waals Forces

• Dipole-Dipole

Multiple Choice

Is the molecule polar or non-polar and what is the strongest intermolecular forces?

• Polar- Van der Waals Forces

• Non-Polar- Van der Waals Forces

• Polar- Dipole-Dipole

• Non-Polar- Dipole-Dipole

Multiple Choice

Which molecule has the strongest intermolecular forces?

• H-F

• H-Cl

• Br-Br

• Cl-I

Multiple Select

Which of the following molecules would have Van der Waals Forces

• CH₄

• SCO

• PCl₃

• SO₂

Multiple Choice

This is the correct dot diagram for sodium (Na)

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct molecular structure for carbon dioxide?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct Lewis dot structure for the molecule fluorine (F₂)?

• A
• B
• C
• D