Net+ 2.6 Slides

Categorize

Options (7)

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expected v actual

speed / throughput

symbols transmitted (Hz)

bandwidth (bps)

avg data transfer over time

rate affected by encoding, erros, distance and attenuation

Specifications and Limitations: Part One

Understanding Specs

Speed v. Throughput

Throughput

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Categorize

Options (7)

AMGIS

layer 3/4 throughput

layer 7 goodput

speed of packet delivered (ms)

aka delay

media type determines bit rate over distance

attenuation (dB) and interference (SNR)

Specifications and Limitations: Part Two

Measurement

Latency

Distance Limitations

SIGMA

Categorize

Options (9)

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Cable type not rated for speed

Cable too long

cuts/crimps/bends in the cable

loose or faulty connectors

low quality cables

EMI issues

signal weakness can lead to timeouts

heavy traffic on the network

Cable Issue: Symptoms part 1

Slow Internet Speed

Random Disconnects/Reconnects

Connection Timeouts

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Categorize

Options (7)

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exsiting cable issue might make network sluggish

type of cable used cannot handle data bandwidth

packet loss; damaged cables can lead to choppy videos

sporadic signals due to internal cable issue

delays in data transfer can lead to lagging

issues at each end of cable can lead to drops

Cable Issue: Symptoms part 2

slowing down of applications

lagging audio/video

frequent drops or unstable network link

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Reorder

Cable Issues: Troubleshooting

• Inspect the physical cable

• verify patch cord connection, replace if necessary

• test trancesivers with loopback tool

• use alternative hosts or switch ports to test connectivity

• check structured cabling with tools and then verify software drivers NIC

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

You want to test a cable and you know where both ends of the cable goes; what tool would you use to ensure the cable works properly?

• cable tester

• cable crimper

• cable stripped

• cable toner

Multiple Select

A cable tester can also report back on WHAT features of a cable? (select more than 1)

• crosstalk

• attenuation

• noise

• on/off

• Identify the continuity, shorts, and opens in wire and cable configurations.

• Map the wiring sequence (pin-out) of a cable to ensure proper connections at both ends.

• Commonly used for troubleshooting network cabling (coaxial, twisted-pair), phone lines, and other low-voltage wiring systems.

Wire Map Tester

• Emit a specific audible tone along a cable.

• Used in conjunction with a probe on a wire map tester to identify the corresponding cable at the other end.

• Helpful for tracing cables hidden within walls, ceilings, or bundles.

Tone Generators

Multiple Choice

Basic continuity testers with LEDs or beeps to indicate connection status.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

Advanced testers with LCD screens that display detailed wire map information and can identify cable type and potential faults like crosstalk.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

standalone units or integrated into some wire map testers.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

locating specific cables within a complex wiring system, especially for hidden or bundled cables.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

They save time and effort compared to manually tracing cables visually.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

they help troubleshoot connection issues, identify cable faults, and verify wiring configurations

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

not always pinpointing the exact location of a fault within a cable.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

They work best for identifying individual cables within a bundle, not necessarily pinpointing the exact path of the cable within a wall or conduit.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

require some familiarity with wiring standards and cable types for accurate interpretation of results.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

Background noise in the environment can interfere with the audibility of the tone.

• Wire Map Tester

• Tone Generator

Multiple Choice

weakening of a signal as it travels through a cable

• signal amplification
• signal distortion
• signal reflection
• signal attenuation

Match

Attenuation factors

• cable length

• impedance

• wire size

• environmental

longer cables = greater loss

causes resistance on the signal

thinner wires offer less resistance

extreme temps cause issues

• longer cables = greater loss

• causes resistance on the signal

• thinner wires offer less resistance

• extreme temps cause issues

Multiple Choice

Choose the right solution: Client works in an apartment complex and is more than 300 feet away from the router; they want to stay wired, but they experience drops in the signal.

• Shorten the cable

• Use a repeater/extender

• Upgrade the cable

• Test attenuation on install

Multiple Choice

Choose the right solution: A school is looking to improve their network infrastructure; upon investigation, CAT5 cabling is found.

• Shorten the cable

• Use a repeater/extender

• Upgrade the cable

• Test attenuation on install

Multiple Choice

Choose the right solution: Customer complains that their internet slows down during peak times; they are 20 feet from their router but they are using a leftover 100ft Cat5e cable.

• Shorten the cable

• Use a repeater/extender

• Upgrade the cable

• Test attenuation on install

Multiple Choice

Choose the right solution: A warehouse is being built; your job is to install structured cabling; there is a lot of metal in the warehouse and you need to make sure the signal works.

• Shorten the cable

• Use a repeater/extender

• Upgrade the cable

• Test attenuation on install

Match

The Issues of Interference

• emissions from electrical devices like motors and powerlines

• signals from radio waves or wireless devices

• signals from one cable interfere with another cable close to it

• faulty connectors or damaged conductors

EMI

RFI

crosstalk

defective connectors/conductors

• EMI

• RFI

• crosstalk

• defective connectors/conductors

Multiple Choice

Which SOLUTION is this: invest in cabling with better jackets

• Shielding techniques

• systematic cable routing/organization

• use better material and strain relief

• test for compatibility

Multiple Choice

Which SOLUTION is this: use a tool to see if cables and network appliances are optimized

• Shielding techniques

• systematic cable routing/organization

• use better material and strain relief

• test for compatibility

Multiple Choice

Which SOLUTION is this: minimize crosstalk by maintain proper cabling separation

• Shielding techniques

• systematic cable routing/organization

• use better material and strain relief

• test for compatibility

Multiple Choice

Which SOLUTION is this: minimize crosstalk by maintain proper cabling separation

• Shielding techniques

• systematic cable routing/organization

• use better material and strain relief

• test for compatibility

Notice the NEXT / FEXT

Crosstalk Diagram

Multiple Choice

Alien Crosstalk can be caused by:

• Properly configured equipment only
• Signals from outer space
• High humidity levels alone
• Interference from other signals or misconfigured equipment

Open Ended

Although crosstalk may not be on the final exam, why is knowing crosstalk important? Explain.

Word Cloud

What is one word you found important?

Open Ended

With your new knowledge of troubleshooting cabling issues, how would you improve on the rooms MDF?

Congrats! All Done 2.6