RTL XIII grammar discussion

Please do this lesson after you study the chapter vocab and complete the "Cornēlius et fīliī" Edpuzzle. This Quizizz will guide you through the grammar discussion section of the chapter. Please take notes in your notebook as the Quizizz instructs. grātiās!

​Road to Latin Chapter XIII

​It will help to have the "In hortō Cornēlī” story text in front of you as you work. Or to re-watch the video: https://youtu.be/NYNVshEjRtA?si=pbuWevbtZUCtP0Sg

Multiple Choice

In the sentence “Itaque Cornēlius dominus est hortī et silvae,” how is the word “hortī” used?

• “dominus hortī” means “man in charge of the garden or farm.”

• “hortī” is the do-er of action in the sentence (subject).

• “hortī” is the receiver of action in the sentence (direct object)

Multiple Choice

If “hortī” means “of the garden,” what are its number and case?

• singular and dative

• singular and genitive

• plural and accusative

• plural and nominative

Multiple Choice

What is the ending of “hortī”?

• hor-

• -r

• -ī

• -ti

Nouns in the second declension have the singular and genitive ending -ī.

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Anglicē?

liber puerī

• boy books

• the boy’s book

• the boy in the book

• boys desire books

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Latīnē?

“the officer’s horse”

• equī lēgātus

• equus lēgātum

• equus lēgātae

• equus lēgātī

Compose a phrase of your choosing with a noun in the nominative case and a second-declension noun in the singular and genitive: use our vocab, please. Write its English meaning.

​

​scribe, quaeso, your own example in your notebook.

Multiple Choice

In the sentence “Amīcōrum fābulae fīliīs et fīliābus sunt grātae,” how is “amīcōrum” used?

• “Amīcōrum” is the do-er of the action (subject) in the sentence.

• “Amīcōrum fābulae” means “the friends’ stories.

• “Amīcōrum fīliīs” means that the friends were friendly to the girls.

• “Amīcōrum” is the receiver of the action in the sentence.

Multiple Choice

Based on this meaning, what are the case and number of “Amīcōrum?

• singular and accusative

• plural and ablative

• singular and dative

• plural and genitive

Multiple Choice

What is the ending of “Amīcōrum?

• -orum

• -ōrum

• -um

• -ārum

Multiple Choice

How does this ending differ from the plural and genitive ending of the first declension?

• By letters and syllables: -am vs. -ōrum.

• By syllables: -um vs. -ōrum

• By only one letter: -ārum vs. -ōrum

• They do not differ at all.

Nouns in the second declension have the
plural and genitive ending -ōrum.

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Anglicē?

statuae deōrum

• gods of statues

• Statues of the gods

• statues and gods

• statues with gods

Multiple Choice

quomodō dīcitur Latīnē?

Land full of horses

• terra plēna equī

• terra plēna equōrum

• silvae plēnae equārum

• terra plēna equārum

​scrībe, quaesō, your own example in your notebook.

Fill in the Blanks

In this part of the story, what Latin word means “near”?

Multiple Choice

What Latin word is used with the word for “near” to mean “near the wall”?

• mūrō

• mūrum

• juxta

• mūrus

Multiple Choice

What, therefore, are the number and case of “mūrō”? (Remember that some special adjectives, such as near, special, and pleasing pattern with this case).

• singular and accusative

• singular and dative

• plural and nominative

• plural and ablative

Multiple Choice

What is the ending of “mūrō”?

• -ro

• -ō

• -o

• -ae

Nouns in the 2nd declension have the singular & dative ending -ō.

Fill in the Blanks

quōmodo dīcitur Anglicē?

Vīlla est proxima hortō?

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Latīnē?

The women are near the man.

• Fēminae proximae vir sunt.

• Fēminae proximae virum sunt.

• Fēminae proximae virō sunt.

• Fēminae proximae viro sunt.

Multiple Choice

In this part of the story, what Latin word means “special” or “dear”?

• multōs

• cārus

• bonus

• fīliābus

Multiple Choice

What Latin word is used with this word to mean “special to [his] friends”?

• amīcōs

• amīcīs

• vir

• fīliae

Multiple Choice

What, therefore, are the number and case of “amīcīs”? (Remember that some special adjectives, such as near, special, and pleasing pattern with this case).

• singular and nominative

• singular and ablative

• plural and vocative

• plural and dative

Multiple Choice

What is the ending of “amīcīs”?

• -īs

• -s

• -is

• -us

Nouns of the 2nd declension have the plural and dative ending -īs.

Fill in the Blanks

Does this ending differ from the first declension plural and dative ending?

Fill in the Blanks

quōmodo dīcitur Anglicē?

dea Diāna cāra nautīs est.

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Latīnē?

The goddess Ceres is special to farmers.

• agricolī Cērēs cārī sunt.

• Ceres dea est specialis agricolis.

• agricolīs dea Cērēs cāra est.

• agricolae deam Cērēs amat.

One sentence or phrase with a singular dative noun, one with a plural and dative.

​Rscrībe, quaesō, your own examples.

Multiple Choice

In this part of the story, what two prepositional phrases tell where and with whom Cornēlius is walking?

• hortus magnus et parva silva

• est hortī et silvae

• in hortō cum fīliō

Fill in the Blanks

These prepositions pattern with the

case.

Multiple Choice

What, therefore, is the singular and ablative ending of second-declension nouns?

• -e

• -ā

• -ī

• -ō

2nd-declension nouns have the singular and ablative ending -ō.

Fill in the Blanks

quōmodō dīcitur Anglicē?

puella ā puerō properat.

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Latīnē?

The female student likes to study with her boyfriend.

• discipula cum amīcō libenter studet.

• discipula cum amīco libenter student.

• amīcus et discipula amant studēre.

• ad feminamdiscipula vult ad studium eius.

​exemplum tuum scrībe quaesō!
Please use a second declension noun in the singular and ablative case.

Multiple Choice

In this part of the story, what prepositional phrase tells out of where the tired servants hurry in the evening?

• extrā mūrum

• in agrī

• ex agrīs

• ad vīllam

Multiple Choice

With what case does this preposition pattern?

• ablative

• accusative

• dative

• locative

Multiple Choice

What two other prepositional phrases in this portion have the same case as “ex agrīs”?

• ad vīllam, in hortīs

• in agrīs, in hortīs

• extrā mūrum, ad vīllam

Multiple Choice

What, therefore, is the plural and ablative ending of second-declension nouns?

• -is

• -ābus

• -s

• -īs

2nd-declension nouns have the plural and ablative ending -īs.

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Anglicē?

Gallī ā gladiīs Rōmānīs properant.

• The officer grabs his swords.

• Gauls run away from Roman swords.

• Romans eat chickens with swords.

Multiple Choice

quōmodo dīcitur Latīnē?

“from the library of…” (literally “out of books”)

• in librōs

• ex liber

• ex librīs

• in liber

Please use a second-declension noun in the plural and ablative case.

​

​Yes, please write your own!

​Recognizing declensions

The form of the singular and genitive of any noun will tell you the declension (dēclinātio) of the noun:
domina, dominae, f. - first declension
dominus, dominī, m. - second declension
When you learn your vocab, you now memorize
the nominative, genitive, and gender of each noun.

Fill in the Blanks

magistra, magistrae, f. is a

-declension noun.

Fill in the Blanks

magister, magistrī, m. is a

-declension noun.

This is the case of a noun when you are talking to that person. For many nouns, it is the same as the nominative.
Most second-declension nouns that end in “-us” change their “-us” ending to “-e” for the vocative.
The “-ius” ending changes to “-ī” The adjective “meus” changes to “mī.” “Deus” stays the same. If you don't want to choose male or female, you can use the neuter form.

​

​The vocative case

​Time to expand your chart and practice declining!

Now that you know all of the second-declension masculine endings, please add them to your declension chart in your notebook.
THEN please decline two second-declension nouns from your chapter XII or XIII vocab: one that ends in “-us” and one that ends in “-r.” Check the spelling of the base carefully. The base of “ager” is “agr-“ while the base of “puer” is “puer-.”
Recite your endings until you have them memorized! Practice with the endings quiz in Google Classroom.

​declension chart

​case	​first declension	​2nd declension m.
​sing. Nominative	​-a	​-us / -r
​genitive	​-ae	-ī
​dative	​-ae	​-ō
​accusative	​-am	​-um
ablative​	​-ā	-ō​
​plur. Nominative	​-ae	​-ī
​genitive	​-ārum	​-ōrum
​dative	​-īs / -ābus	​-īs
​accusative	​-ās	​-ōs
​ablative	​-īs / -ābus	​-īs