Sentence Structure 11/21/24

Grade 5 Read/Write

Unit 3: Early American Civilizations: Maya,
Aztec, and Inca

November 21, 2024

2

LO:

SWBAT edit drafts using standard English
conventions, including commas in compound and
complex sentences.
El estudiante podrá editar borradores utilizando las convenciones
estándar del inglés, incluyendo comas en oraciones compuestas
y complejas.

DOL: Given a text, students will correctly edit drafts using

standard English conventions, including commas in
compound and complex sentences in at least 4 of 5
questions.Dado un texto, el estudiante editará correctamente
borradores utilizando las convenciones estándar del inglés,
incluyendo comas en oraciones compuestas y complejas en al
menos 4 de 5 preguntas.

Ⓢ ELA.5.11D.x Edit drafts using standard English conventions, including italics and underlining for titles and emphasis and punctuation marks, including
quotation marks in dialogue and commas in compound and complex sentences.

Early American Civilizations

3

Academic Vocabulary

a sentence consisting
of one independent

clause

a sentence composed

of two independent
clauses linked with a

coordinating
conjunction

words that connect
two ideas or simple
sentences together

She finishes her
work fast.

I wanted to go to
the park, but it was
raining hard.

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

Types of Sentences

a sentence

consisting of one

independent

clause

tells something

about the subject

and contains the verb

is what (or whom) the

sentence is about

Predicate

Subject

Simple Sentence

The Maya developed a system of writing that used around 800 distinct glyphs.

Independent Clause

Predicat e

Subject

Simple Sentences

Practice

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

Write three simple
sentences. Underline
the subject in blue and
the predicate in red.

sentences made
up of two or more

independent

clauses joined by

a coordinating

conjunction

Compound
Sentences

words that

connect words,
phrases, and

clauses

Conjunction
s

F or

A nd

N or

B ut

O r

Y et

S o

Compound
Sentences

The Maya had no pack

animals.

They carried materials on their

backs.

How can I combine these sentences?

Combine both sentences by adding a comma
followed by the coordinating conjunction.

The Maya had no pack animals , so they carried materials on their
backs.

Compound Sentence Structure
+

+

+

-------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------

Yuri decoded the glyphs

Some thought the glyphs were art , yet others believed they were
writing.

The Maya had 800 glyphs , so their writing system was complex.

,and his work amazed scholars.

simple sentence comma coordinating conjunction simple
sentence +

+

+

A _________________
is composed of two
independent clauses

The sentences are
joined by a comma
and a ____________
such as and, or, or
but.

Coordinating
conjunctions are
words that connect
two ________ or
__________________
together.

Use the following words to complete the statements.

simple sentences

conjunction

ideas

compound sentence

Let’s Review!

simple sentences

ideas

conjunction

compound sentence

Match

Match the Sentences

• Rylan and his brother work at Home Depot on the weekends.

• She will be leaving to her country soon.

  
  

• Kim and Gia got some warm coffee for breakfast.

• Min worked on her project, but she didn’t finish.

  
  

• Mariah left her wallet at 

  home, so she couldn’t buy lunch.

  
  

Simple Sentence

Simple Sentence

Simple Sentence

Compound Sentence

Compound Sentence

• Simple Sentence

• Simple Sentence

• Simple Sentence

• Compound Sentence

• Compound Sentence

10

Rylan and his brotherwork at
Home Depot on the weekends.

Nikohas the best ideas

for writing.

Shewill be leaving to her

country soon.

Liawears a pink sweater ,

andLeewears a fluffy

jacket.

My dog Pickles jumps all over

the place , sohe might be

tired.

Kim and Gia got some

warm coffee for breakfast.

Mariahleft her wallet at
home, soshe couldn’t buy

lunch.

Minworked on her project ,

but she didn’t finish.

Simple Sentences

Compound Sentences

These

sentences

have

subjects

and

predicates.

These

sentences

have a

commaand

a

conjunction.

The

sentences

have

multiple

subjects and
predicates.

Still, nobody knew what these sequences of symbols

meant.

Independent

Clause

a group of words that
contains a subject and
verb and expresses a

complete thought

Dependent

Clause

group of words that

contains a subject and

verb but does not
express a complete

thought

Subordinating

Conjunction

a word that connects a
dependent clause to an

independent clause

Complex

Sentences

●

Words that connect a dependent
clause (also called a subordinate
clause) to anindependent clause.

●

They show the relationship between
the two parts of the sentence, often
explaining when, why, or how
something happens.

Subordinating
Conjunctions

Subordinating
Conjunctions

although

unless

after

even
though

as

once

when

so that

where

whenever

until

in case

because

before

if

despite

since

as soon as

Commas help
separate the main
independent
clause from the
subordinate
dependent clause.

●

When the dependent clause comes
first: Place a comma after the
dependent clause.
○

Example: When it started raining,
we went inside.

●

When the independent clause
comes first: No comma is neededif
the dependent clause follows.
○

Example: We went inside when it
started raining.

Commas

in Subordinating

Conjunctions

Complex Sentences

Practice

Subordinating
Conjunctions

-----------------------------------------------Although Pakal became king at 12, he ruled Palenque for nearly 70

years

and planned his own tomb.

-----------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------

When archaeologists opened the sarcophagus, they found Pakal’s remains
with jade jewelry.

Because the tomb was hidden for years, it wasn’t discovered until 1948.

Independent

Clause

Subordinating

Conjunction

Dependent

Clause

Subordinating
Conjunctions

although

unless

after

even though

as

once

when

so that

where

whenever

until

in case

because

before

if

as long as

since

as soon as

Subordinating
Conjunctions

-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

Because/If the Maya believed time moved in cycles, their
astronomers charted the skies and accurately predicted solar
eclipses .

Which subordinating
conjunction could be
used to complete the
sentence?

1

Subordinating
Conjunctions

although

unless

after

even though

as

once

when

so that

where

whenever

until

in case

because

before

if

as long as

since

as soon as

Subordinating
Conjunctions

-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

Because/When the Maya used their solar calendar, it was
remarkably close to modern-day calculations, being only slightly
off by 0.0002 days.

2

Which subordinating
conjunction could be
used to complete the
sentence?

Subordinating
Conjunctions

although

unless

after

even though

as

once

when

so that

where

whenever

until

in case

because

before

if

as long as

since

as soon as

Subordinating
Conjunctions

-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

The Maya could perform complex calculations and chart
astronomical events, although/where they used only three basic
symbols for numbers.

3

Which subordinating
conjunction could be
used to complete the
sentence?

Subordinating
Conjunctions

although

unless

after

even though

as

once

when

so that

where

whenever

until

in case

because

before

if

as long as

since

as soon as

Read

Stop

Jot!

Read the text

Stop and ask yourself:
●What is happening in
the text?

●Can you find any
compound or complex
sentences?

⭐

This is important!

Underline key

words or details

❓

I don’t understand

Readers are expected to…

1

2

3

“Hidden Secrets in the Rainforest”

Alberto Ruz Lhuillier and

his team discovered…

What did Alberto Ruz
Lhuillier and his team
discover beneath the

trap door?

Word:
interpret

Definition:

Synonyms:

Antonyms:

Sentence:

Part of speech:
❏

noun

❏

verb

❏

adjective

❏

adverb

Visual:

●explain

●clarify

●translate

To explain the meaning of something; to
understand or explain an idea, message, or action
in a particular way.

●confused

●misinterpret

●distort

✔

Some epigraphers, people who decode and interpret ancient writing
systems, were doubtful of his work.(Amplify Reader unit 3 page 17)

“Hidden Secrets in the Rainforest”

Sentence 2 needs

to be edited
because….

Read sentence 2.
Does it need to
be edited? Why?

(1) Often located in the central plazas
of Maya cities, these giant pillars
featured carvings of images and
symbols. (2) David began sketching
the carvings he was only eight years
old. (3) One symbol looked like the
head of a jaguar. (4) Another
resembled an open book. (5)What did
these glyphs, or combinations of
symbols, mean? (Amplify unit 3 p.16)

Read the following text.

Read sentence 2.

What change, if any, needs to be made in sentence 2?

A. Insert a comma after David
B. Change sketching to sketch
C. Add when after carvings
D. Sentence 2 does not need to be changed.

(2) David began sketching the carvings he was only
eight years old.

“Hidden Secrets in the Rainforest”

The change that needs to
be made to sentence 2 is…

(1) David soon learned that archaeologists were often puzzled by
these carved symbols. (2) Many of the carvings had survived once
thousands of years of erosion by humidity, heat, and tropical
storms. (3) Still, nobody knew what these sequences of symbols
meant. Some scholars suspected that the symbols were largely
decorative. (4) Others were convinced that the symbols were a
form of writing.

Read sentence 2 and think about
what changes needs to be made.

Read the following text.

Read sentence 2.

What change, if any, needs to be made in sentence
2?

A. Delete the comma after humidity
B. Change carvings to carving
C. Change once to despite
D. Add an exclamation mark after storms

(2) Many of the carvings had survived once thousands of
years of erosion by humidity, heat, and tropical storms.

“Hidden Secrets in the Rainforest”

Sentence 2 needs

a… because….

(1) Palenque, located in present-day
Mexico, is famous for its rich history
and impressive architecture. (2) The
Temple of Inscriptions is particularly
notable because it contains one of
the longest carved hieroglyphic texts
yet found and it was built to honor
King Pakal, one of Palenque’s most
significant rulers.

What change

should be made in

sentence 2?

Read the following text.

Read sentence 2.

What change should be made in sentence 2?

A. Change Temple to temple
B. Add a comma after found
C. Delete the comma before one
D. Change and to but

(2) The Temple of Inscriptions is particularly notable because
it contains one of the longest carved hieroglyphic texts yet
found and it was built to honor King Pakal, one of Palenque’s
most significant rulers.

37

Closing

What is the purpose
of using conjunctions

when writing?

38

Demonstration of Learning

Given a text, students

will correctly edit drafts
using standard English
conventions, including
commas in compound
and complex sentences
in at least 4 of 5
questions.