HC CH 10.4

Multiple Choice

What happens to energy when we use it to do work?

• It becomes more useful

• It degrades in usefulness

• It remains the same

• It increases in quantity.

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank: When energy is used to do work, it transforms from _______ Energy to Spread Energy.

• Concentrated

• Dispersed

• Kinetic

• Potential

Multiple Choice

In the context of energy use, what does 'Spread Energy' imply?

• Concentrated energy

• Energy that is more useful

• Energy that is less useful

• Energy that is unchanged.

Multiple Choice

What is a fossil fuel?

• A renewable energy source

• Carbon-based molecules

• A type of nuclear energy

• A form of solar energy.

Match

What was the main source of energy in each year?

• wood

• coal

• petroleum and

  natural gas

1850

1900

1950-

Present

• 1850

• 1900

• 1950-

  Present

Multiple Select

Which TWO are true of petroleum?

• A solid compound

• A thick liquid

• A flammable gas

• Made from volcanic rock

• Made of hydrocarbons

Multiple Choice

A hydrocarbon is a compound composed of which elements?

• Carbon and Oxygen

• Hydrogen and Nitrogen

• Carbon and Hydrogen

• Oxygen and Nitrogen

Categorize

Options (7)

Asphalt

Diesel Fuel

Heating Oil

Lubricating Oil

Kerosine

Jet Fuel

Gasoline

Categorize the Petroleum by number of carbon atoms.

5-10 C

10-15 C

15-25 C

>25 C

Multiple Choice

What is the main component of natural gas?

• Ethane

• Propane

• Methane

• Butane

Match

Match the hydrocarbon to its name

• Pentane

• Hexane

• Heptane

• Octane

C₅H₁₂

C₆H₁₄

C₇H₁₆

C₈H₁₈

• C₅H₁₂

• C₆H₁₄

• C₇H₁₆

• C₈H₁₈

Match

Match the hydrocarbon to its name

• Methane

• Ethane

• Propane

• Butane

CH₄

C₂H₆

C₃H₈

C₄H₁₀

• CH₄

• C₂H₆

• C₃H₈

• C₄H₁₀

Multiple Choice

What is coal formed from?

• Rocks

• Plants

• Sand

• Water

Multiple Select

Fill in the blank: Coal is formed under high ____ and ____.

(Choose 2)

• Cold

• Heat

• Light

• Wind

• Pressure

Multiple Choice

What is the primary effect of carbon dioxide on climate as shown in the diagram?

• Ozone depletion

• Greenhouse effect

• Acid rain

• Global cooling

Multiple Choice

In the greenhouse effect, what type of radiation is emitted by the Earth?

• Ultraviolet

• Infrared

• Microwave

• Gamma

Multiple Choice

What is the expected increase in global temperature by 2100 C.E. due to atmospheric CO2?

• 0.5-1.5°C

• 1.5-4.5°C

• 4.5-6.5°C

• 6.5-8.5°C

Multiple Choice

What does the graph suggest about the trend of atmospheric CO₂ levels from 1000 C.E. to 1800 C.E.?

• Decreasing

• Stable

• Increasing

• Fluctuating

Multiple Choice

What does the graph suggest about the trend of atmospheric CO₂ levels from 1800 C.E. to 2000 C.E.?

• Decreasing

• Stable

• Increasing

• Fluctuating

Multiple Select

Which of the following are alternative energy sources?

• Coal

• Nuclear

• Petroleum

• Synthetic Fuels

• Wind

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank: In 2018, How much energy came from alternative energy sources?

• 5 %

• 7 %

• 16 %

• 9 %

Multiple Choice

What is the direction of natural processes according to the concept of energy as a driving force?

• Towards increasing energy dispersal

• Towards decreasing energy dispersal

• Towards maintaining energy levels

• Towards concentrating energy

Multiple Choice

Consider a gas trapped in a container as shown in the diagram. What happens when the barrier is removed?

• The gas remains in the same position

• The gas disperses into the vacuum

• The gas condenses into a liquid

• The gas turns into a solid

Multiple Choice

What are the two driving forces mentioned in the context of energy?

• Increase in energy and decrease in energy

• Decrease in energy and dispersal of energy

• Concentration of energy and dispersal of energy

• Increase in energy and concentration of energy

Multiple Choice

What happens to the energy of a system in an exothermic process?

• It increases

• It decreases

• It remains the same

• It fluctuates

Multiple Choice

In a given process, concentrated energy is released to its surroundings. This is an example of a(n) _______ process.

• Endothermic

• Exothermic

• Isothermal

• Adiabatic

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of an exothermic process?

• Absorption of heat

• Release of heat

• No heat exchange

• Constant temperature

Multiple Choice

In the context of energy dispersal, what happens to the molecules of a substance?

• They condense to occupy a smaller volume

• They spread out to occupy a larger volume

• They remain in the same volume

• They disappear.

Multiple Choice

Processes are favored if they involve a decrease in energy and the ______ of energy.

• concentration

• dispersal

• creation

• storage

Multiple Choice

What is entropy (S)?

• A measure of temperature of a system

• The distribution of energy in a system

• A type of chemical reaction in a system

• A unit of pressure in a system

Multiple Choice

The diagram illustrates the concept of entropy by showing the distribution of molecules in different states. Which state has higher entropy?

• Solid (ice)

• Gas (steam)

Multiple Choice

What happens to the entropy of the universe as energy is released and spread from a system?

• It decreases

• It remains constant

• It increases

• It fluctuates

Multiple Choice

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is always _______.

• decreasing

• constant

• increasing

• negligible

Multiple Choice

Energy dispersal results in energy being spread across a _______ volume of space.

• smaller

• larger

• constant

• negligible