Phys. Final Review

Final Exam Review

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Unit 1 Key Points

• Metric Conversion

• Independent vs. Dependent Variable

• Reading a Graph

Metric Conversion

• King - Kilo

• Henry - Hecto

• Died - Deka

• By - Base (Meter, Liter, Gram)

• Drinking - Deci

• Chocolate - Centi

• Milk - Milli

Multiple Choice

Convert: 3.45 L = _____ mL

K H D B D C M

• 34.5 mL

• 345 mL

• 3450 mL

• .00345 mL

Independent vs. Dependent

• Independent Variable: Variable that YOU change

• Dependent Variable: Changes based on Independent Variable

Independent Vs. Dependent

• Josh thinks that eating an apple every day will make him healthier. For two weeks he doesn't eat an apple every day. After that two weeks, he then eats an apple every morning at breakfast. What are the Independent and Dependent Variables?

Reading a Graph

• Read all labels and axes'

• Look for highs and lows

• look for patterns if you can see them

Multiple Choice

According to this graph, which tree seems to be the most popular in the park?

• Oak

• Beech

• Maple

• Larch

Unit 2 Key Points

• Phase Changes and Energy

• States of Matter

• What is Matter

What is Matter

• Matter has Mass

• Matter Takes up Space

States of Matter

• Solid - Tightly Packed Atoms

• Liquid - Loosely Packed and Moving Atoms

• Gas - Rapidly Moving Atoms

• Increasing Energy as the substance heats, decreasing energy as the substance cools

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not considered matter?

• Heat

• Air

• Water

• Cement

Multiple Choice

Of the following, which state changes results in a net increase of energy?

• Plasma to Gas

• Gas to Solid

• Gas to Liquid

• Solid to Liquid

Unit 3 Key Points

• Reading the Periodic Table

• Parts of the Atom

Reading the Periodic Table

• Name - Carbon

• Atomic Number (Same as number of Protons) - 6

• Atomic Symbol - C

• Atomic Mass - 12.011

Subatomic Particles

• Proton - Positively Charged, tells you what the atom is (atomic Number)

• Neutron - Neutral Charge

• Electron - Negatively Charged, Equal to Number of Protons in Neutral Atom

Multiple Choice

Which subatomic particle is possitive?

• Proton

• Neutron

• Electron

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic symbol for the element with 8 protons?

• O

• C

• N

• H

Atomic Bonding

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Unit 4

• Made by gaining or losing e^-

• Gaining e^- causes an atom to become more negative

• Losing e^- causes an atom to become more positive

• All atoms want to have 8 Valence e^- or 0 e^-

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Ions

Multiple Choice

What is the charge of a sodium ion?

• +1

• -1

• +7

• -7

Ionic Bonds

• Occurs between a metal and nonmetal

• Named using the full name of metal followed by nonmetal ending with "ide"

• Doesn't use number prefix

• KI - Potassium Iodide

Multiple Choice

What types of atoms are ionic bonds formed between?

• Metal and nonmetal

• Metal and metal

• Nonmetal and nonmetal

Covalent Bond

• Bond between two nonmetals

• Named using full name of first element (number prefix if more than 1) and second element ending with "-ide" (always uses number prefix)

• Sulfur Trioxide - SO₃

Multiple Choice

Covalent bonds occur between what two types of elements?

• Metal and metal

• Metal and nonmetal

• Nonmetal and nonmetal

Chemical Reactions

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​Unit 5

Conservation of Mass

• ​Matter cannot be created nor destroyed.

• ​The amount of matter at the start of a reaction has to equal the amount of matter remaining at the end of the reaction.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following appears demonstrates the conservation of mass?

• Trapping vinegar and baking soda reaction in a balloon so the gas can't escape.

• If you burn a log the ashes weigh less than the log did

• If you boil a pot of sea water for a few hours the water will disappear and leave behind salt

Balancing Equations

• ​The sum of all atoms on the reactant side must equal the sum of all atoms on the product side

  • ​2H₂ + O₂ -> 2H₂O

pH and Solutions

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Unit 6

• ​pH Greater than 7

• ​Bitter Taste

• ​Slippery

• ​Produces OH^- Ions

• ​Corrosive

Bases

• pH Less than 7

• ​Sour Taste

• ​Produces H⁺ Ions

• ​Corrosive

Acids

pH

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acid?

• Sour

• Bitter

• Slippery

• Produces OH^- Ions

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a characteristic of both Acids and Bases?

• Sour

• Bitter

• Slippery

• Corrosive

• ​Act of dissolving something

  • ​Forming a solution

• ​Dissolution rates are impacted by:

  • ​Temperature

  • ​Stirring

  • ​Amount of Solute

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Dissolution

Multiple Choice

If you heat up water before adding sugar to dissolve it, will the sugar dissolve faster or slower?

• Faster

• Slower

• The rate of dissolution won't change

Unit 7 Key Points

• Speed

• Newtons Laws

• Forces

Speed

Multiple Choice

How fast is the International Space Station travelling through space if it takes 6.3 hours to cross 173,735.1 km of space?

• 27,577 km/h

• .000036 km/h

• 1,094,531.13

Newtons Laws

Force

• Always measured in Newtons

• Balanced are equal in size and opposite in direction

Multiple Choice

What unit is used to measure force?

• Kilograms

• Newtons

• Meters/Second²

Multiple Choice

Balanced forces are _______ in size and opposite in direction

• same

• equal

• opposite

Work and Energy

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Unit 8

Work

Multiple Choice

If a box is pushed left with a force of 5 newtons and moves 3 feet to the left, how much work was done on the box?

• 15 J

• 0 J

• 8 J

• 1.7 J

• Potential Energy is stored energy

• Gravity (lifting something), spring (compressing a spring), chemical (food), etc

• Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

• Anything that is moving has kinetic energy

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​Potential vs Kinetic Energy

Multiple Choice

At what point of a roller coaster is the potential energy the highest?

• The farthest from the ground

• the closest to the ground

• in the middle

Multiple Choice

At what point of a roller coaster is the kinetic energy the highest?

• The farthest from the ground

• the closest to the ground

• in the middle