PHS - (Slides 13-20) Ch. 6 Career Skills in Therapeutic Services

PHS - Ch. 6

Career Skills in Therapeutic Services

- Teams in the Therapeutic Pathway
- Technical Skills
- Standard precautions
- Patient interaction Guidelines
- Range of Motion (ROM)
- Preparing Medications

Teams in the Therapeutic Pathway

Multidisciplinary vs. interdisciplinary healthcare teams:

• Multidisciplinary

  • A group of healthcare workers from different healthcare specialties, each providing specific services to the patient.

  • Multiple doctors who may not share patient records or communicate

• Interdisciplinary

  • Interdisciplinary team members collaborate to provide patient treatment, and can be defined as primary or secondary.

    • Primary Teams = Clinics/community settings

    • Secondary Teams= Provide services to hospital patients (examples: surgical teams or cardiovascular teams)

Nursing Team Models

• Case manager model

  • Common in home health care

  • RN serves as case manager who develops a care plan, while the nurse aide follows this plan while visiting the Pt. The case manager supervises the care being provided.

• Primary nursing model

  • One RN or LVN/LPN is assigned several Pt's and is responsible for planning/carrying out all aspects of care for as long at the Pt is in the care unit.

• Functional nursing model

  • Each nurse is assigned certain tasks for every patient. One nurse might be responsible for giving a Pt medication, while another nurse is responsible for delivery special treatments .

• Team nursing model

  • An RN functions as a team leader. This leader has a group of nurses/staff members who report to him or her, and together this group divides nursing care tasks based on their training and expertise. The team leader is accountable for all of the care provided!

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary healthcare team?

• Multidisciplinary teams have more members

• Interdisciplinary teams do not communicate

• Interdisciplinary teams collaborate on patient treatment

Technical Skills

• In this section you will learn:

  • Basic skills used by healthcare workers to promote Pt safety

  • Learn/practice common therapeutic task from the fields of nursing, therapy, and pharmacy.

    • Standard precautions

    • Hand hygiene

    • PPE

    • Patient Interaction

    • ROM

    • Medications

Standard Precautions

Steps taken with all patients to prevent the spread of infection

• Using standard precautions prevents the transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, broken skin, rashes, and mucous membranes.

• Healthcare-associated infections = nosocomial infections

• Examples of precautions

  • Hand hygiene

  • Personal protective equipment

• Respiratory hygiene (coughing)

• Needlestick and sharps safety

• Cleaning and disinfection

• Waste disposal

• Safe injection practices

Think Further

Describe situations in which it is necessary to wash your hands with soap and water instead of using hand gel.

Examples:

• After using the restroom

• After blowing your nose

• After caring for a sick person

• After handling garbage or chemicals

What respiratory hygiene (cough etiquette) do you use?

Multiple Choice

What is the main purpose of standard precautions in healthcare?

• To protect patients and healthcare workers from infections

• To reduce paperwork in medical settings

• To improve the efficiency of patient care

• To ensure medical equipment lasts longer

Patient interaction guidelines

Specific steps are followed before and after providing any care procedure:

• ​Pre-procedure

  • Promote safety and courtesy while protecting the Pt's or resident's rights

• Post-procedure

  • Provide for Pt's comfort and safety and for communication among healthcare team members

Patient interaction guidelines (Continued)

• Upon entering:

  • Knock before entering a room and provide privacy during a procedure

  • Identify yourself and greet the patient by name

  • Wash hands before and after seeing a patient

• Before you leave:

  • Place call button within reach

  • Lower bed, lock wheels, position side rails

  • Open curtain or door as patient prefers

Range-of-motion exercises

Movements that put joints through their full range of motion to preserve function

• May be active or passive:

  • Active: patients do the exercises themselves 

  • Passive: when PT needs another person to move each joint for them

  • General guidelines for all range-of-motion exercises shown in illustration

Think Further

Range-of-motion demonstration...

• Which patient interaction guidelines must be followed during these procedures?

  • introduction, privacy, wash hands

• What safety precautions must be followed during these procedures?

  • Slow/gentle movements and stop at any indication of pain

Preparing a Medication

To avoid medication errors, double-check the prescription

• Before you begin preparing, be sure all patient information and dosage instructions are included

• When getting medication from the stock shelf, be sure it matches the prescription

• When attaching the label to the vial

• Before presenting it to the pharmacist for final approval

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of range-of-motion exercises?

• To increase pain

• To preserve joint function

• To reduce mobility

• To strengthen bones

Multiple Choice

Which of the following actions demonstrates respect and safety when caring for a patient?

• Knocking before entering and washing hands before and after seeing the patient

• Leaving the bed elevated and unlocked for easy access

• Placing the call button out of reach to reduce noise

• Closing the curtain and leaving the room without checking the patient’s preferences